The invention discloses a large-temperature-difference heat exchanger of a heat exchange station of a primary heat supply network of a heat supply system. The large-temperature-difference heat exchanger is formed by connecting a heat exchange component, a flow state distribution component and a connection device. The plate-type heat exchange component is provided with a heating medium inlet, a heating medium outlet, a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet. The flow state distribution component is composed of a spraying pipe, a fluid nozzle, a suction chamber, a mixing pipe and a diffuser which are connected in sequence. The connection device comprises a water supply main pipe, a spraying valve, a mixed water inlet pipe, a mixing valve, a return water introduction pipe, an injection valve, a sending-out pipe, a butterfly valve, a water return main pipe, a water delivering pipe and a water return pipe. The heat exchanger can be applied in the heat supply system taking water as heating media and refrigerants, installed on the primary network side, and used for replacing a traditional heat exchanger. The flow state distribution component of a specific structure and the connection device of a specific structure are arranged and organically connected with the plate-type heat exchange component, so that the problems of hydraulic disorder and overlarge reactive power consumption of the heat supply system are solved by reducing the transmission and distribution flow, and the problem that overlarge pressure-head losses are caused by too many accessories is also solved.