The invention provides a decomposition method and device for a real-time simulation model of an active power distribution network. The method comprises the following steps: determining the number of pre-decomposed networks and pre-decomposed nodes; carrying out pre-decomposition on the active power distribution network real-time simulation model to obtain a plurality of sub-networks, and additionally installing an interface at a pre-decomposition node; and allocating the sub-networks to the real-time simulators, and adjusting the nodes in the sub-networks are adjusted. The active power distribution network real-time simulation model can be objectively decomposed, the decomposition time is greatly shortened, the average resource utilization rate of the real-time simulators is considered, resources are saved, the sub-networks obtained by pre-decomposition are adjusted, and the decomposition accuracy is improved; according to the method, the resource utilization rate of the real-time simulator can be fully utilized, the real-time simulation speed of the power distribution network is increased to the maximum extent, the real-time simulation scale of the power distribution network is expanded, the electromagnetic transient simulation capability of the power distribution network is improved, and technical support is provided for operation analysis, equipment research and development,scheduling control and the like of the power distribution network.