The invention discloses a multiple fluorescence immunoassay primer, kit and method capable of fast distinguishing CAV, MDV, REV and IBDV. The multiple fluorescence immunoassay primer, kit and method has the advantages that target amplification fragments are obtained through PCR, \ amplification products, fluorescence encoded microspheres and streptavidin-phycoerythrin are hybridized, MFI values are read through a detector, and different types of pathogens are distinguished; the method can simultaneously and accurately detect chicken infectious anemia viruses, chicken Marek's disease viruses, chicken reticuloendotheliosis viruses and chicken infectious bursal disease viruses and is high in specificity, high in sensitivity and good in repeatability; compared with a traditional method, the method can simultaneously detect various molecules, with different purposes, in the same sample and is low in sample use amount, simple and fast to operate, capable of greatly lowering detecting cost, good in flexibility and capable of increasing and decreasing to-be-detected pathogen types on the basis.