The invention discloses a clamping method applicable to a tensile strength test of a cylindrical part. The method comprises the following steps: A, mounting a wedge-shaped clamping plate in a wedge-shaped opening of a clamping body, connecting two parts of the clamping body through a telescopic structure, inserting a wedge-shaped bayonet and a wedge-shaped clamping plate, mounting an ejector rod above the wedge-shaped clamping plate, and mounting a stop baffle and a tension spring outside the wedge-shaped bayonet and the wedge-shaped clamping plate; B, adjusting the length of the telescopic structure, fixing the telescopic structure, upwards starting the ejector rod, and putting a test piece into the wedge-shaped bayonet; C, pressing the wedge-shaped clamping plate by using the ejector rod, folding the wedge-shaped clamping plate, and driving the wedge-shaped bayonet to clamp the test piece; D, repeating the step C, and clamping the other end of the test piece; E, enabling the wedge-shaped clamping plate to open along two sides of a wedge-shaped included angle beta by the ejector rod, and loosening the test piece by the wedge-shaped bayonet. The wedge-shaped clamping plate has great expansion, the wedge-shaped bayonet has a small lock corner and is convenient to detach and high in self-locking property, and the method is applicable to cylindrical parts of different sizes.