The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and particularly relates to an apparatus for intelligently replacing and locking an unmanned aerial vehicle battery. The apparatus comprises a locking apparatus (1) and a control apparatus (2), wherein the locking apparatus (1) is electrically connected with the control apparatus (2), the locking apparatus (1) comprises a telescopic apparatus (11), a clamping block (12) and a sensing apparatus (13), the clamping block (12) is connected with the output end of the telescopic apparatus (11), the sensing apparatus (13) is arranged in a travel direction of the output end of the telescopic apparatus (11) and matched with the clamping block (12), and both the telescopic apparatus (11) and the sensing apparatus (13) are respectively electrically connected with the control apparatus (2). The apparatus is simple in structure, convenient in operation and high in reliability. In addition, the invention also provides a methodfor intelligently replacing and locking the unmanned aerial vehicle battery, so that the work for replacing the unmanned aerial vehicle battery is stable, high in efficiency and high in reliability.