772results about "Water/sewage treatment by freezing" patented technology

The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature. This way, the ice / snow mass that forms at the bottom of the chamber will consist of frozen ice crystals, and a residue of salt water brine, which can runoff from the mass, either from the sides, or through any voids or channels that may form within the mass.

A process for the production of purified water and hydrocarbons comprising at least one stage of separation of the water and hydrocarbons formed during a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, at least one stage of purification of the separated water by bringing it into contact with at least one adsorbent selected from the group consisting of: the active carbons, clays which are hydrophobic or rendered hydrophobic, and zeolites which are hydrophobic or rendered hydrophobic. This process may optionally include a stripping stage before the adsorption step.

The invention discloses a method and device for utilizing sewage containing ammonia and sodium. The method comprises the steps of deamination reaction, denitrification reaction, gas-liquid separation, triple-effect multistage evaporation, evaprative crystallization and freezing crystallization, electrodialysis and sodium filteration membrane, and concentration of reverse osmosis membrane, so that distilled water and membrane deion pure water are recovered, and the resource utilization of sole sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is realized.

The invention relates to a universal system for producing cost effective energy particularly for cooling purposes. In one embodiment, wind turbines are used to generate electricity and compressed air energy, wherein the compressed air energy is used to co-generate electricity and chilled air. The chilled air is then used to chill water in either a mixing chamber, or a desalination system, wherein the chilled water is stored in a separation tank, wherein it can later be used to provide cooling for an air conditioning system for a facility. When desalination is used, the system produces chilled fresh drinking water which can be used for air conditioning, and then used as fresh drinking water. Any exhaust chilled air can be used directly for air conditioning.

The invention relates to a desalination method and system that uses freeze crystallization technology that incorporates the use of compressed air energy as the source for freezing temperatures. When compressed air is released by a turbo expander, chilled air is produced as a by-product, wherein the chilled air is introduced into a crystallization chamber. Also injected into the chamber is a spray cloud of seawater droplets, which has been pre-chilled by heat exchange with the cold chamber walls, and which is then circulated and exposed to the chilled air in the chamber. The sizes of the droplets can vary, but are preferably predetermined, along with the relative temperatures, flows and speeds of the spray and chilled air, such that when the droplets are circulated within the chilled air, and settle at the bottom of the chamber, they are deposited at slightly above the eutectic temperature. This way, the ice / snow mass that forms at the bottom of the chamber will consist of frozen ice crystals, and a residue of salt water brine, which can runoff from the mass, either from the sides, or through any voids or channels that may form within the mass.

The present invention relates to a method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water, comprising: (1) pretreatment; (2) reverse osmosis treatment; (3) advanced oxidation treatment; (4) biochemical treatment; (5) electrodialysis concentration; (6) circulating crystallization. Compared with the prior art, the method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water provided in the present invention realizes zero release or near zero release of waste water, improves salt recovery efficiency, can recover high-quality sodium sulfate, mirabilite and sodium chloride, and turns crystalline salts into a resource; the membrane treatment unit can operates stably in the process for a long operation period at a low cost, and the entire process has high economic efficiency.

A method and apparatus for producing particles, the apparatus includes a solution source that supplies a solution, and a fluid source that supplies a fluid. The solution includes a solvent and a solute. A mixer receives the solution and the fluid from the sources, and mixes the solution and the fluid together to form a mixture. The mixture is supplied from the mixer to an expansion assembly at first pressure. The expansion assembly sprays and expands the mixture substantially simultaneously to form frozen droplets, and preferably to form a low-density powder of frozen droplets. A freeze-dry apparatus sublimes the solvent from the particles. A high mass-transfer rate and a uniform open-structure of the powder bed enhances the freeze-drying process. Solid particles having a controlled size distribution are obtained. The particles preferably have a hollow or porous morphology suitable for differing drug delivery applications to include aerosol formulations.

Novel processes and devices for the removal of freezable species such as carbon dioxide, water and heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream during liquefaction to produce LNG are disclosed. The freezable species are able to be removed as a solid, avoiding the costly step of pretreatment to remove the freezable species from the natural gas feed stream prior to the liquefaction stage. The freezable species may be removed on a continuous basis being separated as solids following liquefaction of the natural gas feed stream with subsequent separation of the solids. The solid freezable species may then be liquefied on a continuous basis if required with natural gas recycled to the process. Continuous removal of the freezable species from the natural gas feed stream is achievable by maintaining cooling and separation apparatus at the same working pressure. Advantageously, at least part of the cooling vessel is constructed from a material having a low thermal conductivity which discourages formation of the solids of the freezable species on the walls of the cooling vessel.

In one embodiment, this invention pertains to desalination of seawater by feeding methane into seawater at a depth generally exceeding 100 meters to form methane hydrate which rises to where it is decomposed into methane and water, and recoverig water. Methane is recycled to depth to form more buoyant hydrate.

The invention discloses an intensified deep concentration system for high-salt-content industrial wastewater and a technology thereof and belongs to the field of water treatment. The high-salt-content industrial wastewater is adjusted through an adjusting tank, settled through a softening settling pond, filtered through a V-type filter tank, filtered through an ultrafiltration device in an intensified mode and concentrated through a first-stage reverse osmosis device, then the hardness is removed through an ion exchange resin device, and salt separation is performed through a nanofiltration device; thick water of the nanofiltration device is concentrated through a frequent electrode transfer electrodialysis device, produced water is oxidized through an advanced oxidization device and then enters a general produced water tank, and thick water is crystallized through a freezing crystallization system and crystallized with sodium sulfate; produced water of the nanofiltration device is concentrated through a second-stage reverse osmosis device and concentrated again through the frequent electrode transfer electrodialysis device, produced water is oxidized through the advanced oxidization device and enters the general produced water tank, and thick water is crystallized through an MVR evaporative crystallization device and crystallized with sodium chloride. The intensified deep concentration system has the advantages that potential safety hazards caused by high-pressure operation are effectively reduced; the problem that the COD content is high after thick salt water is highly concentrated is effectively solved, the purity of crystallized salt is improved, and the using value of the crystallized salt is improved; the system is high in automation degree, easy to operate, low in operation pressure, stable in operation, high in purity of the crystallized salt, low in operation cost and the like.

Devices used in conjunction with detecting analytes and methods of their manufacture are disclosed. A pre-concentrator device includes a thermoelectric material and an aerogel which includes a nanostructured material disposed on, and in thermal communication with, the thermoelectric material. Such a pre-concentrator is part of a detection system including a sensor. The detection system is used in a method for detecting analytes.

The invention relates to a novel process for recycling treatment for waste water which contains ammonia and sulfate radicals and is produced in the process of non-ferrous metal processing. The invention is characterized in that: sodium hydroxide is added into the waste water to convert ammonium ions in the waste water into molecular ammonia; then the waste water is heated by heat resource in a rectification tower; the ammonia in the waste water enters into a condenser in the form of gas from the top of the tower to be cooled into liquid ammonia and partial liquid ammonia returns, thus the remainder becomes the product; the water removed of ammonia exchanges heat with the waste water to be treated and then continues to be cooled, thus sodium sulfate crystals are obtained; the water removed of sodium sulfate removed is removed also sulfate radicals and ammonia, and can directly return to a production plant. The invention has a combined process of ammonia rectification recycle and sodium sulfate cooling crystallization, ensures the recycling use of the water as the ammonia in the water is reclaimed in the form of liquid ammonia or ammonia water as well as the sulfate radicals are reclaimed in the form of sodium sulfate, retains valuable metal ions in the water, and improves the recycling rate of the resource. In a word, the process can realize the recycling utilization of ammonia-nitrogen waste water produced by non-ferrous metal processing, has a simple process flow, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has both economic and environmental benefits.

Systems and methods for storing energy in gaseous form in submerged thin-walled tanks are secured to the ocean or lake floor but are open to the water at the tank bottoms and are configured to be filled with gas while submerged.A conduit operatively connected to the tanks provides flow from a surface source of an energy-containing gas to the tank interiors. Surface or subsurface pumping apparatus which may include piston-less pressure cylinders or have leveraged pistons provide a preselected flow rate of the energy-containing gas into the containment structure interior against a back pressure essentially equal to the static pressure of the body of water at the location of the tank to displace an equivalent volume of water through the open bottom. The conduit can be configured to allow heat transfer to vaporize liquefied gas prior to storage. Hydrogen gas can be generated and stored within the tank using Aluminum activated with Galinstan.

The invention provides a method of removing solid carbon dioxide from cryogenic equipment, including the steps of: (a) introducing a stream including ethane to the cryogenic equipment to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. In particular, the method can be used in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant wherein cryogenic equipment contains LNG, and the method includes the steps of: (a′) removing the LNG from the cryogenic equipment; (a) introducing a stream including ethane to convert solid carbon dioxide to liquid form whereby a mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide is formed; and (b) removing the mixture of liquid ethane and liquid carbon dioxide from the cryogenic equipment. The result is an effective cleaning method for fouled LNG equipment.

The invention discloses a salt separation and purification recovery method for salt-containing wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: performing advanced oxidation treatment on pretreated salt-containing wastewater so as to obtain salt-containing wastewater in which organic matters are removed; desalting and purifying the salt-containing wastewater in which organic matters are removed so as to obtain desalted produced water and desalted concentrated water, performing secondary softening treatment on the desalted concentrated water so as to obtain softened concentrated water; performing deep concentration on the softened concentrated water so as to obtain deeply concentrated produced water and deeply-concentrated concentrated water; performing freezing crystallization on the deeply-concentrated concentrated water so as to obtain sodium sulfate crystals and freezing crystallized concentrated water; performing freezing crystallization on the freezing crystallized concentrated water for at least one time so as to obtain freezing crystallized produced water and freezing crystallized concentrated water; and evaporating or drying the freezing crystallized concentrated water, thereby obtaining the sodium chloride crystal. The traditional evaporative crystallization process is replaced with the freezing crystallization, the process is implemented under low temperature and normal pressure, the equipment is difficultly corroded, the operation is safe and reliable, the energy consumption is effectively reduced, the pipeline is difficultly blocked, and the investment and operating cost can be reduced.

Novel processes and devices for the removal of freezable species such as carbon dioxide, water and heavy hydrocarbons from a natural gas feed stream during liquefaction to produce LNG are disclosed. The freezable species are able to be removed as a solid, avoiding the costly step of pretreatment to remove the freezable species from the natural gas feed stream prior to the liquefaction stage. The freezable species may be removed on a continuous basis being separated as solids following liquefaction of the natural gas feed stream with subsequent separation of the solids. The solid freezable species may then be liquefied on a continuous basis if required with natural gas recycled to the process. Continuous removal of the freezable species from the natural gas feed stream is achievable by maintaining cooling and separation apparatus at the same working pressure. Advantageously, at least part of the cooling vessel is constructed from a material having a low thermal conductivity which discourages formation of the solids of the freezable species on the walls of the cooling vessel.

The invention discloses a preparing method and equipment of fresh water through large-scale icy sea water, which is characterized by the following: collecting sea ice directly in winter; preparing mutual cascading structure of high and low level pools; making the depth of high-level pool more than the depth of low level pool to enlarge the area of low level pool by 2 times.

In a method for treating waste water containing ammonium salts, sodium sulfate crystal is obtained by freezing crystallization, then the pH value of the waste water is adjusted to a specific range, and next sodium chloride crystal and ammonia water is obtained by evaporation. Alternatively, the pH value of the waste water is adjusted to a specific range, then sodium chloride crystal and ammonia water is obtained by evaporation, and next sodium sulfate crystal is obtained by freezing crystallization. This method can recover ammonia, sodium sulfate, and sodium chloride from the waste water.

In hydrate-based desalination or other water purification conducted using naturally buoyant or trapped-gas-assisted buoyancy hydrate in a hydrate fractionation column, a portion of fresh or purified product water is extracted from an upper, hydrate dissociation region of the fractionation column and reintroduced into a lower portion of the fractionation column at a point above but generally near a product water / saline water interface. The difference in density between the reintroduced product water and the fluid in the hydrate fractionation column above the point of reintroduction (water, hydrate, and gas) drives a natural circulation system which enhances the rate at which hydrate rises into the hydrate dissociation region.

The invention relates to a method for desalting seawater by utilizing the cold energy of liquefied natural gas through direct contact refrigeration, belonging to the technical field of refrigeration and cryogenic engineering. Firstly, heat exchange is carried out between the liquefied natural gas and secondary coolant in a heat exchanger, the liquefied natural gas is gasified to absorb heat so as to condense the water-insoluble secondary coolant by reducing the temperature thereof, the condensed secondary coolant is sprayed into a crystallizer to exchange heat with seawater through direct contact, liquid drops of the secondary coolant is evaporated to absorb heat, and therefore seawater around the liquid drops releases heat and is refrigerated into ice crystals. Prepared ice is rinsed in a rinsing tank so as to eliminate salt attached to the surface of the ice and then is led into a melting device to be melted into fresh water. The process recovers a great amount of cold energy accumulated in the liquefied natural gas, dispenses with a high consumption refrigerating unit and can effectively reduce the energy consumption of indirect refrigeration seawater desalination device, the loss of the heat exchange process is low, and the size of the device is small.

In a temperature control system using a controlled mix of high temperature pressurized gas and a cooled vapor / liquid flow of the same medium to cool a thermal load to a target temperature in a high energy environment, particular advantages are obtained in precision and efficiency by passing at least a substantial percentage of the cooled vapor / liquid flow through the thermal load directly, and thereafter mixing the output with a portion of the pressurized gas flow. This “post load mixing” approach increases the thermal transfer coefficient, improves control and facilities target temperature change. Ad added mixing between the cooled expanded flow and a lesser flow of pressurized gas also is used prior to the input to the thermal load. A further feature, termed a remote “Line Box”, enables transport of the separate flows of the two phase medium through a substantial spacing from pressurizing and condensing units without undesired liquefaction in the transport lines.

A process for removing contaminants from a natural gas feed stream including water and sour species is provided, which process comprises the steps of cooling the natural gas feed stream in a first vessel (12) to a first operating temperature at which hydrates are formed and removing from the first vessel (12) a stream of dehydrated gas (34); and cooling the dehydrated gas in a second vessel (14) to a second operating temperature at which solids of the sour species are formed or at which the sour species dissolve in a liquid and removing from the second vessel (14) a stream of dehydrated sweetened gas (62).

Water to be desalinated or otherwise purified is enriched by having hydrate-forming substance dissolved into it, without causing hydrate to form. Hydrate kernels are brought into contact with the enriched water to be treated, and the hydrate kernels grow outwardly into the water to be treated by incorporating dissolved molecules of the hydrate-forming substance and water from the water to be treated. Thus, substantially solid, generally spherical hydrate masses, which are preferred for hydrate-based desalination or purification, can be formed. Hydrate-forming substances can be dissolved into the water to be treated under conditions not conducive to formation of hydrate, such that hydrate does not form, using vigorous means. Hydrate-forming substance is also preferably dissolved into the water to be treated under conditions suitable for hydrate to form, but without causing hydrate to form, e.g., by being infused into the water to be treated using infusion membranes.

The invention provides an advanced oxidation-separate salt crystallization combination system and technique of high-salt-salt industrial wastewater, relating to the technical field of water treatment. The technique comprises the following steps: sending high-salt-salt industrial wastewater treated by a pretreatment membrane system into an ozone advanced oxidation device, and standing in the presence of an ozone catalyst at the ozone specific loss of 1.2-3.0 kg O3 / kg COD (chemical oxygen demand) for 2-4 hours, wherein the COD of the treated effluent water is less than 50 mg / L; and sending into a crystallizing system to carry out crystallization treatment, wherein sodium sulfate concentrated water enters a refrigerating crystallizing system, and sodium chloride concentrated water enters a multi-effect evaporation (or MVR (mechanical vapor recompression) evaporation) device. The technique greatly lowers the wastewater COD content, increases the crystal salt purity, has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, high water treatment quantity, high adaptability and stable water quality, and reduces the blockage problem of the crystallizing equipment.

A multistage fluid separation assembly is disclosed, which includes one or more primary gas cooling devices which each have liquefied and / or solidified condensables enriched fluid outlet, and, a secondary fluid separation vessel having a tubular vertical section. The vessel is connected to the condensables enriched fluid outlet of the primary gas cooling device(s) via a tangential conduit which injects the condensables enriched fluid tangentially into the tubular section such that a tertiary stream of liquified and / or solidified condensables is induced by gravity and centrifugal forces to swirl in downward direction alongside the inner surface of the tubular section into a liquid collecting tank at or near the bottom of the vessel for collecting a tertiary mixture of liquified and / or solidified condensables. The tank is provided with one or more heaters for heating the tertiary mixture to reduce the amount of solidified condensables, such as wax, paraffins and hydrates, and with one or more liquid outlets.

A system for reclaiming effluent from a freeze drying process has at least one condenser apparatus used during a freeze-drying cycle to collect effluent from material being freeze-dried, and a recovery reservoir positioned for collecting material from the condenser apparatus. The system is characterized in that ice crystals formed from the effluent are removed from the condenser after the freeze drying cycle into recovery reservoir to be re-used. Product systems include both freeze-dried material and the effluent collected during freeze drying.

A process and method to separate heavy water from regular water by lowering the temperature of the mixture to the melting point of the heavy water.