The invention relates to a deceleration rate control-based antiskid braking system and a deceleration rate control-based antiskid braking method for an airplane. The system comprises a left braking instruction sensor, a right braking instruction sensor, an antiskid braking controller, electromagnetic hydraulic locks, braking control valves, braking pressure sensors and airplane wheel speed sensors. A set of hydraulic source is used for providing pressure, and enters the two electromagnetic hydraulic locks respectively, one braking control valve is connected behind each electromagnetic hydraulic lock, one pressure sensor is connected behind each braking control valve, left and right braking airplane wheels are connected behind the pressure sensors, the airplane wheel speed sensors are mounted in wheel shafts of the airplane wheels, signals of the braking instruction sensors, the pressure sensors and the airplane wheel speed sensors enter the antiskid braking controller, and the braking controller controls the electromagnetic hydraulic locks and the braking control valves. According to the system and the method, the airplane is stably decelerated in a braking process, the deceleration rate can be steplessly regulated, and the braking deceleration stability of the airplane and the comfort of a driver and passengers are improved.