The invention provides a device for measuring vertical profiles of marine elements, including a data acquisition unit, a serial port communication unit, a single-chip microcomputer control unit, a storage unit, a limit switch unit, a mechanical execution unit, and a power supply unit; the data acquisition unit measures seawater temperature, For parameters such as salinity and depth, the collected parameters are uploaded to the single-chip control unit through the serial port communication unit; the parameters collected by the data acquisition unit are processed by the single-chip control unit and then sent to the storage unit by the SPI interface to save. The invention adopts C8051F340 and DC motor, combined with integrated sensor, serial port communication, switch relay and SD card storage technology, realizes the control of three states of pawl mechanism, one-way grasping, damping locking and free floating, and mass storage of measurement data. The readout of data is simple and easy, and the purpose of long-term, fixed-point and continuous collection of marine elements at various levels underwater is realized.