The invention discloses a correcting method of installation errors of a doppler log of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The correcting method comprises the following steps: (1), data acquiring, namely acquiring northeast-direction location information, depth information, speed information and gesture information of the AUV on water surface; (2), filter wave estimating, namely by taking a DVL (Doppler Velocity Log) dead reckoning model with error correction, AUV three-dimensional location information and a DVL three-dimensional installation drift angle as system state vectors, the speed information measured by a DVL and the gesture information measured by a gesture sensor as system input vectors, the AUV three-dimensional location information as a measuring vector, establishing a discrete time system state equation and a measuring equation; carrying out filter wave estimating by adopting improved square capacity root Kalman filtering to obtain an estimated value of the DVL installation drift angle; and (3), error correcting, namely acquiring a DVL installation error correcting matrix according to the estimated value of the installation drift angle. The correcting method disclosed by the invention is easy to operate, does not need external equipment assistance and can effectively estimate the three-dimensional installation drift angle of the DVL, so that influences of the DVL installation errors on the AUV navigation accuracy are eliminated, and practical value is very high.