The invention relates to a nondestructive testing device for identifying authenticity of a pearl. The nondestructive testing device is characterized by comprising a halogen tungsten lamp source, an optical fiber spectroscope, mechanical components for fixing the optical fiber spectroscope, a fixing component, a manual mobile platform in vertical direction, mechanical components for fixing the manual mobile platform, an optical platform in vertical direction, an optical fiber connection plate, a lens, a reference lens, a PZT motor, an NI card, a directional manual mobile platform, turbinate cup components used for loading the pearl to be tested, a directional automatic mobile scanning platform and a controller thereof, a near-infrared spectrometer and a computer, wherein the fixing component is provided with the optical fiber connection plate and the lens; the NI card is used for controlling the PZT motor. The nondestructive testing device can two-dimensionally scan the pearl and can imagine the internal structure of the pearl. The nondestructive testing device not only can identify real and fake pearls, but also can identify natural seawater pearls or freshwater cultured pearls, and has high test precision.