The invention discloses a complex network community mining method based on a cellular automatic learning machine. The method comprises the six steps of initializing the cellular automatic learning machine, generating state vectors of the cellular automatic learning machine, decoding the state vectors of the cellular automatic learning machine to obtain the corresponding communities, calculating response signals, updating the cellular automatic learning machine, and comparing community structures. According to the complex network community mining method, the whole network is modeled into the cellular automatic learning machine, the communities in the network are mapped into the state vectors of the cellular automatic learning machine, and the network is searched for the optimal community structure through iterative updating of the cellular automatic learning machine. The complex network community mining method is quite low in time complexity and applicable to a large-scale complex network. In addition, the complex network community mining method has the good performance for searching for the globally optimal solution, and can ensure compactness of local communities, so that community detection precision is quite high.