40 results about "River runoff" patented technology

The invention discloses a quantitative analysis method for river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities. The method comprises the steps of collecting hydrological and meteorological information, water resource evaluation data and human activity information in a basin, judging a mutation point of an annual runoff process, wherein the part before the mutation point is a natural stage of the basin and the part after the mutation point is an influence stage of the basin, the entire natural runoff sequence is reconstructed by using the hydrological and meteorological information of the natural stage, using hydrological model rating model parameters and then using meteorological information of the whole period, and analyzing the contribution of climate change and human activities to the river runoff change by using the difference between the reconstructed natural runoff and the actually measured runoff. By adopting the quantitative analysis method for river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities, in combination with situations such as hydrological and meteorological factor changes, land use changes and water use in the basin, the binary attribution analysis of the river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities is extended to quaternary attribution analysis of the river runoff change caused by rainfall change, climate change, land use change and water use.

The invention discloses an ecological comprehensive treatment system of a northern mountain river channel. The system comprises three sub ecological systems of an ecological permeable dike built on the upstream of a main stream and a branch stream of a mountain river, a reservoir pond arranged at the middle and downstream area of the mountain river and a wet land communicated with the reservoir pond, and adopts an ecological treatment mode of closure-storage-preservation. The construction method comprises the steps of: a) building of the ecological permeable dike; b) setting of a triangular pyramidal wood pile stone cage; c) building of the reservoir pond; d) planting of plants of the reservoir pond; e) building of a wet land system; and f) recovery of a river bank band. The system and the construction method can effectively intercept the mountain debris flow and the river non-point source pollution, adjust the river runoff, improve the hydrologic conditions of the mountain river in non-flood season, decrease the dry season of the mountain river, and facilitate to recover the ecological system of the mountain river. Meanwhile, traditional depressions and empty ponds in the mountain river can be used in construction, so that the engineering building cost is reduced, and the self-cleaning capacity of river water is improved.

The invention relates to a method for monitoring river runoff through a remote-sensing hydrologic station. The method comprises the steps of 1, selecting key fluvial sections lacking measuring stationareas; 2, conducting low-altitude remote sensing retrieval on the information of the fluvial sections lacking the measuring station areas; conducting real-time drone control flight on monitoring points of the fluvial sections selected in step 1, preprocessing the obtained data, extracting earth surface information, obtaining the longitudinal section gradient, the cross section area and the watersurface width of the fluvial sections on this basis, combining ground water level monitoring and underwater topographic surveying and mapping, and utilizing a manning formula for deduction to solve the flow of the monitored section. The method has the advantages that satellite remote sensing and low-altitude remote sensing are coupled, each other's advantages are complemented, and the blank of thelack of hydrologic data is filled up; during emergency management, the real-time river channel segment width is obtained, the river runoff is calculated, the river runoff data is reported in real time, and the runoff monitoring precision is smaller than 8%; the problem that hydrometric stations of an arid region are scarce, and cannot handle flood, water pollution and other emergency events is solved.

The invention provides a method for comprehensively assessing influences, on river runoffs, of human activities and climatic changes. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring runoff data, temperature data and rainfall data in a drainage basin; respectively establishing a runoff long sequence, a temperature long sequence and a rainfall long sequence according to the runoff data, the temperature data and the rainfall data, and determining mutational points of the runoff long sequence, the temperature long sequence and the rainfall long sequence; taking a period before the mutational points as a natural periods and taking a period after the mutational points as an influence period; calculating an annual mean runoff change amount caused by climatic changes and an annual mean runoff change amount caused by human activities through a hydrological model method and an elastic coefficient method; and calculating influences, on the runoff change, of the human activities and the climatic changes according to the annual mean runoff change amount caused by the climatic changes and the annual mean runoff change amount caused by the human activities. The method is capable of effectively improving the evaluation objectivity and correctness.

The embodiment of the invention provides a parameter optimization method and system for a river runoff and sediment model. The method specifically comprises the steps of generating a model calculationgrid; collecting an initial field and boundary information of a region to be predicted of a riverway, and forming an information file of the region to be predicted; discretely solving the runoff andsediment model according to the information file of the region to be predicted; adopting a Latin hypercube sampling method LHS to conduct stratified sampling on multiple parameters of the runoff and sediment model in a feasible region, and obtaining multiple parameter groups; based on the combination of model parameters, solving the river runoff and sediment model, obtaining the corresponding likelihood values of each parameter group; setting a likelihood threshold, and deleting the corresponding parameter groups with the likelihood values lower than the preset threshold; sorting the likelihood values corresponding to the remaining parameter groups to determine an uncertainty interval; using a GLUE cumulative method to analyze the regional sensitivity of the likelihood values. The method can solve the problem that the prediction accuracy of the model is poor due to incorrect expression of the parameters.

The present invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating water resource effects of ecological protection and restoration in the river source region. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining soil hydrological characteristic parameters through a prototype ecological hydrological observation test; constructing distributed ecological hydrological simulation of a research area;and finally, according to hydrological characteristic parameters obtained in the preliminary period and the constructed distributed ecological hydrological model, setting scenario plans, comparing theecological hydrological process simulated by each scenario plan with that before the measures are taken, and quantitatively analyzing water resource effects after different ecological protection measures are taken. According to the method provided by the present invention, the problem of applicability of the existing ecological hydrological model in solving the ecological hydrological process simulation in the large-scale, high-cold and high-altitude river source region is solved, and the experimental observation data is directly compared with the model parameters, so that the method can provide a scientific basis for quantitative analysis on water conservation and river runoff effects generated by large-scale ecological protection and restoration measures.

The invention discloses a river runoff prediction method mainly for runoff prediction for PUBs (prediction ungauged basins). The basic principle of the method refers to: using a complex network to mine topological characteristics of a hydrological spatiotemporal sequence, and performs runoff prediction on ungaged basins on such basis; a runoff complex network model is established according to runoff data of a monitoring network station, FN (fast Newman) algorithm is used to perform community mining on such basis, and candidate nodes are selected based on community mining results. The method of the invention considers relevancy between basin division and PUBs, common nodes and characteristic nodes are selected as candidate nodes, and runoff of a station to be predicted is predicted by means of transplantation process. The ungauged basin runoff prediction method considering both relevancy of runoff data topological structures and the runoff data itself is provided herein.

The invention discloses a runoff silt content automatic measuring system, which comprises a sample container, a determining device, a weighing sensor and a controller, wherein the lateral upper part of the sample container is provided with a water inlet; a water pump is arranged on the water inlet; the bottom of the sample container is provided with a water discharging opening; a water discharging valve is arranged on the water discharging opening; the upper end and the lower end of the sample container are respectively provided with a first support frame and a second support frame; the measuring device is arranged at the middle part of the sample container; the upper side of the measuring device is connected with a circular ring through a steel wire; the circular ring is hung and arranged on the first support frame; the weighing sensor is arranged above the circular ring; one end of the weighing sensor is connected with the circular ring through a steel wire; the other end of the weighing sensor is connected with a windlass through a steel wire; the controller is electrically connected with the water pump, the windlass, the weighing sensor, a water discharging valve, a rain quantity meter and a water level meter. The runoff silt content automatic measuring system provided by the invention has the advantages that the processes of manual sampling, filtering, drying and the like are not needed; the silt content in the slope runoff and river runoff can be subjected to real-time automatic monitoring.

The invention discloses a method for preparing production, living and ecological water for an inland river basin in an arid area. The method comprises the following steps of calculating the basic ecological environment water demand of the river, the areas of different ecological protection ranges, the vegetation ecological water demand of different ecological protection ranges, the water demand of different river target ecological environments, the analysis of the river runoff volume on the river target ecological environment water demand and the optimal configuration of the production and living ecological water. On the premise of meeting the total water consumption of the river basin production and domestic surface water, whether the remaining water amount in the past year can meet the basic ecological environment water demand and river loss of a river and the target ecological environment water demand of the river is determined, a scheme of mutually coordinating the production, living and ecological water of the inland river basin in the arid area is provided, and the reasonable configuration and efficient utilization of the water resources are achieved.

The invention discloses a river runoff research method, and relates to the technical field of hydrogeology. The method comprises the following steps: determining an influence factor influencing the actually measured runoff volume of the river; D; determining a research reference period and a change period; E; establishing an influence factor simulation situation route by utilizing a distributed hydrological model and a control variable mathematical method; S; selecting a corresponding hydrological model according to the simulation situation route; D; determining the simulated perpetual averagerunoff volume of the river by utilizing the influence factors and the hydrological model; D; determining the change value of the actually measured runoff volume of the river; D; determining the influence quantity of the influence factor on the river runoff according to the simulated river years of average runoff and the river actual measurement runoff change value; and determining the contribution rate of the influence factors on the actually measured river runoff of the river, wherein the contribution rate is used for judging the influence of each influence factor on the river runoff. By adopting the research method, the influence of climate change and human activities on river runoff can be accurately evaluated, and a scientific basis is provided for reasonable and effective managementof water resources.

The invention discloses a hilly area river base flow series interpolation prolonging method based on a Copula function. The method comprises the following steps: collecting long-series flow data of hydrological stations; calculating a series of river base flows and river runoff flows in representative years; and on the basis of determining an edge probability distribution function of the river base flow rate and the river base flow rate, constructing a joint probability distribution function of the river base flow rate and the river base flow rate, further solving a conditional probability distribution function of the river base flow rate when the river base flow rate is given, and finally performing river base flow rate series interpolation extension in non-representative years. According to the method, the statistical theory basis is high, the nonlinear relation between the river-base flow and the river-base flow can be accurately captured, and the river-base flow and the river-base flow are allowed to obey non-normal distribution. In addition, the river base flow is randomly interpolated and prolonged based on the Copula function, the long-series statistical parameter characteristics of the river base flow can be kept, and the actual characteristics of the river base flow are well reflected.

The invention provides a runoff calculation and prediction method based on a watershed hydrological model. The method comprises the steps: building a watershed hydrological model, and constructing a feature region basic watershed database; dividing hydrological response units according to different characteristic area basic drainage basin data; inputting localized model data, and carrying out related data simulation; determining model parameters of the watershed hydrological model; verifying the correctness of the watershed hydrological model; and inputting meteorological data in the watershed in a future climate scene into the watershed hydrological model, and predicting the river runoff in the hydrological response unit. According to the rainfall runoff and rainfall runoff prediction method, the whole runoff production and confluence process in the drainage basin is considered, the water flow movement process of the whole drainage basin is simulated by inputting climate data, drainage basin data and land utilization data of the drainage basin, and the rainfall runoff and rainfall runoff prediction method can be well applied to simulation of river runoff of the drainage basin and is fast in rainfall runoff calculation and program response.

The invention discloses a drainage basin main stream dry water annual ecological water transfer method. The method comprises the steps that S1, the river water loss amount, the river loss per unit river length and the river loss rate of each section of a drainage basin source stream and a main stream in the drainage process are calculated through a water balance method; S2, according to a monthly minimum runoff method and a monthly frequency method, the minimum ecological water demand and the river runoff of each typical section are calculated respectively, and a Tennant method is used for calculating result evaluation; S3, based on a phreatic water evaporation model and an area quota method, water amounts required by vegetation growth of different sections are respectively calculated, and a mean value of two calculation results is taken as a vegetation ecological water demand of the sections; and S4, according to the river water loss amount, the river loss per unit river length, the river loss rate, the calculation result evaluation and the vegetation ecological water demand of the section, carrying out ecological water transfer in a low water year and ecological compensation between drainage basins, and converting the ecological benefit of the river water loss by adopting an economic value.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a river ecological water demand calculation system and an information transmission method. The system comprises a river partition monitoring module, an average rainfall prediction module, a river runoff monitoring module, a water depth comparison module, an oxygen capacity monitoring module, a biomass monitoring module, a trace element monitoring module and an intelligent terminal processing system. The river partition monitoring module is divided into a plurality of parameter monitoring areas according to a river geographic structure. The average rainfall prediction module divides a rich water period and a dry water period of the average natural flow for many years according to the rainwater distribution condition for many years, and respectivelycounts the average natural flow for many years in the rich water period and the average natural flow for many years in the dry water period of each parameter monitoring area. According to the scheme,the river is divided into the rich water period and the dry water period, different ecological water requirement calculation modes are selected for the rich water period and the dry water period, large water requirement calculation errors caused by uneven precipitation can be avoided, and the accuracy of ecological water requirement calculation is improved.

The invention relates to a preliminary site selection method of a large dam-type power plant. The method comprises the following steps that river reaches to be developed are screened according to a river runoff minimum limit value suitable for constructing the large dam-type power plant, and major developing river reaches are determined; hypsographic maps of the major developing river reaches are generated according to satellite terrain data, and the original water levels of the major developing river reaches and the mountain top height are obtained; the river reach of which the width of upstream and downstream riverways at the original water level is larger than that of the riverway suitable for constructing the large dam-type power plant, and multiple riverway width minimal value points are selected as dam alternative sites; each dam alternative site adopts a plurality of backwater heights, and one backwater height of each dam alternative site serves as a dam design scheme; dam parameters of all the dam design schemes are determined; the inundated area and the effective reservoir volume of reservoirs in the dam design schemes are determined; the installed capacities and the reservoir volume coefficients of the power plant in the dam design schemes are calculated; all the dam design schemes are output.

The invention relates to a river section pollutant concentration prediction and calculation method. The method comprises the following steps: determining a drainage basin and area of a to-be-predicted river section, constructing a model of the drainage basin of the river, and establishing a zero-dimensional water quality model, a one-dimensional steady-state water quality model and a two-dimensional steady-state water quality model used for calling and calculating the concentrations of various pollutants on the basis of Excel software, the river runoff of the to-be-predicted river cross section; and determining the position and pollutant concentration of the initial section of the river, determining whether a sewage draining exit exists between the initial section and the predicted section, and if so, determining the pollutant condition of the sewage draining exit and calling a water quality model to calculate the pollutant concentration of the predicted section. The method can be used for predicting the pollutant concentration of the river and lake section, the time consumption of obtaining the river runoff flow parameters of the water quality model is overcome, different water quality models can be called according to the actual situation of the river, the pollutant concentration of the river section is predicted more accurately. A technical support is provided for scientific decisions of river water environment management and water environment protection.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy projects, particularly relates to an anti-erosion protection device for a riverway corner. In order to solve the problem that potential hazards caused by unpredictable flood impact force cannot be fundamentally solved by a conventional flood prevention means for the riverway corner, the invention provides the following scheme that the anti-erosion protection device comprises a concave bank side and a convex bank side, wherein the concave bank side and the convex bank side are both poured with reinforced concrete, the concave bank side comprises a vertical section, an arc section and an anti-scour section, cement bottoms are laid at the positions close to the concave bank side, of the river bottom of the arc section and the river bottom of the vertical section, and an adjusting box internally provided with a cavity and adopting a cuboid structure is fixed to the middle of one side away from the riverway, of the vertical section. An outer box with an opening facing the adjusting box is fixed to the back surface of the adjusting box, and a sliding bearing pedestal is slidably connected to the inner part of the outer box. According to the invention, the riverway can be prevented from being scoured and eroded by great water, and riverway sedimentation is prevented by changing river runoff.

The present invention provides a method for quantitatively evaluating water resource effects of ecological protection and restoration in the river source region. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining soil hydrological characteristic parameters through a prototype ecological hydrological observation test; constructing distributed ecological hydrological simulation of a research area;and finally, according to hydrological characteristic parameters obtained in the preliminary period and the constructed distributed ecological hydrological model, setting scenario plans, comparing theecological hydrological process simulated by each scenario plan with that before the measures are taken, and quantitatively analyzing water resource effects after different ecological protection measures are taken. According to the method provided by the present invention, the problem of applicability of the existing ecological hydrological model in solving the ecological hydrological process simulation in the large-scale, high-cold and high-altitude river source region is solved, and the experimental observation data is directly compared with the model parameters, so that the method can provide a scientific basis for quantitative analysis on water conservation and river runoff effects generated by large-scale ecological protection and restoration measures.

The embodiment of the invention provides a parameter optimization method and system for a river runoff and sediment model. The method specifically comprises the steps of generating a model calculationgrid; collecting an initial field and boundary information of a region to be predicted of a riverway, and forming an information file of the region to be predicted; discretely solving the runoff andsediment model according to the information file of the region to be predicted; adopting a Latin hypercube sampling method LHS to conduct stratified sampling on multiple parameters of the runoff and sediment model in a feasible region, and obtaining multiple parameter groups; based on the combination of model parameters, solving the river runoff and sediment model, obtaining the corresponding likelihood values of each parameter group; setting a likelihood threshold, and deleting the corresponding parameter groups with the likelihood values lower than the preset threshold; sorting the likelihood values corresponding to the remaining parameter groups to determine an uncertainty interval; using a GLUE cumulative method to analyze the regional sensitivity of the likelihood values. The method can solve the problem that the prediction accuracy of the model is poor due to incorrect expression of the parameters.

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface source pollution (non-point source) control, and specifically relates to a plant grill for improving the water quality of rivers and canals. The plant grid is mainly composed of the grid, the outer stabilizing wall (including the water inlet wall, the drainage wall, etc.) and the filling area. It adopts steel-concrete or brick-concrete structure and is installed downstream of the grille. The invention is used to grow microorganisms and aquatic plants, improve the water quality of cement-hardened ditches and inland river runoff, and mainly solve the problem that the hardening of ditches and inland river embankments and riverbeds makes it difficult to grow plants in them, and the smooth inner interface lacks the medium, cement and Concrete products cut off the contact between the runoff and the soil, and lose the self-purification ability of the soil. It is suitable for the treatment of rural agricultural runoff and urban runoff, especially for the treatment of cement-hardened ditches and inland river runoff in the future.

The invention provides a river runoff measuring device. The river runoff measuring device comprises a frame body; a telescopic rod assembly, wherein the first end of the telescopic rod assembly is rotationally connected to the frame body, and the telescopic rod assembly comprises a first rod body and a second rod body; a guide part arranged on the telescopic rod assembly; a wire body, wherein the first end of the wire body is connected to the telescopic rod assembly; a driving assembly, wherein the second end of the wire body is arranged on the driving assembly; a measuring piece which is arranged on the driving assembly and used for measuring the length of the portion, extending out of the driving assembly, of the wire body; a range finder arranged on the frame body; and a flow meter arranged on the telescopic rod assembly. When the second end of the telescopic rod assembly abuts against the river bottom, the extension length of the wire body is measured through the measuring piece, so that the length of the side edge of a riverbed can be obtained, the width of a river bank is measured through the range finder, after the length of each edge of the inverted trapezoid is obtained, the sectional area of the riverbed can be calculated, and then the flow velocity of the river is measured through the flow meter. And the runoff of the river is obtained through the product of the sectional area of the riverbed and the flow velocity of the river.

The invention provides a method for reducing heavy metals in river-going overland runoff by aquatic plant matched growth, belonging to the technical field of heavy-metal-polluted river course restoration. According to the method, emerging plants calamus and reed, submerged plants Potamogeton pusillus, hydrilla, curly pondweed and watermilfoil, and floating plant common waaterrthacinth are grown from the riverbank to the river center. The growth density of the emerging plants is 10-20 plants / m<2>, and the growth proportion of the calamus and reed is 1:(1-3); the growth density of the submerged plants is 30-50 clumps / m<2>, and the growth proportion of the Potamogeton pusillus, hydrilla, curly pondweed and watermilfoil is 1:(1-2):(3-5):(1-2); and the growth density of the floating plant common waaterrthacinth is 10-20 plants / m<2>. The plant growth process is utilized to absorb and enrich heavy metal ions in water, thereby achieving the goal of restoring the river-going multi-heavy-metal combined pollution river course. The method has the advantages of small secondary pollution, simple restoration process, low cost and the like, and can maintain the balance of the ecological system in water. The method for treating the polluted river course has environmental value, ecological value and ornamental value.

The invention discloses a method for comprehensively evaluating the influence of climate change on river runoff. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring climate parameters and spatial and temporal change characteristics of the river runoff; analyzing and inspecting the change trend of the climate parameters and the river runoff by adopting an MK trend inspection method based on improved over-whitening, and determining mutation points of the climate parameters and the river runoff; dividing a period before the mutation point into a natural period, and dividing a period after the mutation point into an influence period; based on an SWAT model and an elastic coefficient method, calculating annual average runoff variation caused by climate change in the influence period; and calculating the influence of the climate change on the runoff change according to the annual average runoff change quantity caused by the climate change. According to the method, the multivariate attribution analysis of the climate change on the river runoff change is more objective and accurate, and the method has important practical significance in the aspects of basin water resource evolution analysis and identification, water resource planning management, disaster prevention and reduction, water safety and the like in a changing environment.

The invention discloses a quantitative analysis method for river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities. The method comprises the steps of collecting hydrological and meteorological information, water resource evaluation data and human activity information in a basin, judging a mutation point of an annual runoff process, wherein the part before the mutation point is a natural stage of the basin and the part after the mutation point is an influence stage of the basin, the entire natural runoff sequence is reconstructed by using the hydrological and meteorological information of the natural stage, using hydrological model rating model parameters and then using meteorological information of the whole period, and analyzing the contribution of climate change and human activities to the river runoff change by using the difference between the reconstructed natural runoff and the actually measured runoff. By adopting the quantitative analysis method for river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities, in combination with situations such as hydrological and meteorological factor changes, land use changes and water use in the basin, the binary attribution analysis of the river runoff change caused by climate change and human activities is extended to quaternary attribution analysis of the river runoff change caused by rainfall change, climate change, land use change and water use.

The invention discloses a river ecological restoration system. The river ecological restoration system comprises a river ecological data analysis system and an ecological implementation system, the analysis method of the river ecological data analysis system specifically comprises the following steps of S1, water balance calculation, S2, leaked water calculation and S3, separation and reasoning ofthe climate change and human activities on the water resource influence quantity. The invention relates to the technical field of basin resource protection and utilization. According to the river ecological restoration system, the guarantee degree of drainage basin ecological water, the natural vegetation coverage and the change characteristics of soil drought are compared and analyzed before and after large drainage basin comprehensive management, and the guarantee effect of a large drainage basin comprehensive management mode on ecological water supply under the climate change background is quantitatively evaluated;; by constructing a quantitative relation model among river runoff volume, seepage quantity and a tree annual ring standard annual table, a new idea of reconstructing riverseepage quantity by using the tree annual ring standard annual table is provided, and water resource optimization management of a similar drainage basin in an arid region is realized.

A water resource management method and device. The water resource management method includes: A, determining the rainfall factor, the maximum storage capacity of fast water storage, the fast water holding constant and the slow water holding constant are the type two fuzzy parameters; B, using the type two fuzzy analysis method to perform Sampling simulation; C. According to the sampling simulation results, quantify the influence of different type II fuzzy parameters and their interactions on the simulated river runoff. By using the water resources management method and device of the present invention, it is possible to carry out watershed hydrological simulation under uncertain conditions, so as to realize rational management of water resources.

The invention provides a method for judging a remarkable influence period of human activities on river flow. The method includes collecting and studying long-sequence monthly hydrometeorological data in a river basin; preliminarily judging years of change in remarkable influence on yearly flow due to the human activities; screening a hydrologic model suitable for the studied river basin; simulating a full-sequence flow process; counting simulation error standard quantity SREi of each year on yearly flow; drawing a yearly process of the simulation error standard quantity; judging the remarkable influence period of the human activities on the river flow according to the circumstance that the yearly process deviates from a horizontal axis. On the basis of mathematic statistics and hydrologic process physical simulation methods, the influence period of the human activities on the river flow is diagnosed, possible influence of climate factors on the river flow is scientifically abandoned, a diagnosis result is uniform with actual conditions of the human activities in the river basin, and misjudgment on the remarkable influence period of the human activities due to influence, of the climate elements, on a hydrologic sequence when a conventional method is adopted is avoided effectively, so that the given diagnosis result is more scientific and reasonable.