436 results about "Cellular functions" patented technology

The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, nucleic acid encoding the same, therapeutic compositions thereof, and their use enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity.

This invention provides novel nanofiber enhanced surface area substrates and structures comprising such substrates for use in various medical devices, as well as methods and uses for such substrates and medical devices. In one particular embodiment, methods for enhancing cellular functions on a surface of a medical device implant are disclosed which generally comprise providing a medical device implant comprising a plurality of nanofibers (e.g., nanowires) thereon and exposing the medical device implant to cells such as osteoblasts.

This invention provides novel nanofiber enhanced surface area substrates and structures comprising such substrates for use in various medical devices, as well as methods and uses for such substrates and medical devices. In one particular embodiment, methods for enhancing cellular functions on a surface of a medical device implant are disclosed which generally comprise providing a medical device implant comprising a plurality of nanofibers (e.g., nanowires) thereon and exposing the medical device implant to cells such as osteoblasts.

The present invention concerns methods and compositions for introducing miRNA activity or function into cells using synthetic nucleic acid molecules. Moreover, the present invention concerns methods and compositions for identifying miRNAs with specific cellular functions that are relevant to therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic applications wherein synthetic miRNAs and / or miRNA inhibitors are used in library screening assays.

The present application relates to methods of using anti-PD-L1 antibodies to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity.

The present invention relates to a new method for reversible staining and functional isolation or characterization of cells, e.g. antigen-specific T cells. With this technique, the original functional status of cells can be substantially maintained after their identification and purification. Thus, this new method is of broad benefit for basic research and clinical applications.

The present invention relates to cell adhesion promoting (“CAP”) peptide combinations that promote cell attachment or cell adhesion to culture surfaces that are otherwise cell adhesion resistant “CAR”. The invention provides combination of peptides that, when covalently coupled to a CAR layer such as hyaluronic acid that has been created on a polystyrene surface, promote cell attachment, growth differentiation, and execution of other desired cellular functions in culture.

Compositions and methods of modulating cellular function and treatment of disease in mammals comprising locally administering a regulated SNARE inhibitor and a translocating agent to the mammal. Regulated SNARE inhibitors include clostridial neurotoxins, tetanus neurotoxin and their free light chain portions and IgA protease. Translocating agents include acids, encapsulating vectors, and transduction domains.

Methods and compositions for preserving the function of insulin-producing cells and to furthering the lifespan of insulin-producing cells in non-insulin dependent patients with insulin-related disorders are provided.

The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof, nucleic acid encoding the same, therapeutic compositions thereof, and their use to enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, such as tumor immunity, for the treatment of and cancer.

The invention provides systems, modules, bioreactor and methods for the automated culture, proliferation, differentiation, production and maintenance of tissue engineered products. In one aspect is an automated tissue engineering system comprising a housing, at least one bioreactor supported by the housing, the bioreactor facilitating physiological cellular functions and / or the generation of one or more tissue constructs from cell and / or tissue sources. A fluid containment system is supported by the housing and is in fluid communication with the bioreactor. One or more sensors are associated with one or more of the housing, bioreactor or fluid containment system for monitoring parameters related to the physiological cellular functions and / or generation of tissue constructs; and a microprocessor linked to one or more of the sensors. The systems, methods and products of the invention find use in various clinical and laboratory settings.

The invention describes methods and agents for improving cosmetic appearance, for promoting, improving or restoring health of cells and tissues, preferably skin, and more preferably, for restoring aged or damaged skin to a healthy appearance. This invention relates to the use of cells and cellular extracts in rejuvenation and healing technologies thereby improving healing and regeneration of all bodily tissues and organs. The present invention relates to compositions and methods of managing, preventing, and treating scars. The invention also relates to prevention of deterioration, damage and malfunction of cells and tissues, and to promote, improve or exceed cellular function in order to promote, improve and exceed appearance, vitality and health. In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions of cells, eggs, cell extracts, egg extracts, and extract components such as purified nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, carbohydrates or other natural products.

The invention provides systems, modules, bioreactor and methods for the automated culture, proliferation, differentiation, production and maintenance of tissue engineered products. In one aspect is an automated tissue engineering system comprising a housing, at least one bioreactor supported by the housing, the bioreactor facilitating physiological cellular functions and / or the generation of one or more tissue constructs from cell and / or tissue sources. A fluid containment system is supported by the housing and is in fluid communication with the bioreactor. One or more sensors are associated with one or more of the housing, bioreactor or fluid containment system for monitoring parameters related to the physiological cellular functions and / or generation of tissue constructs; and a microprocessor linked to one or more of the sensors. The systems, methods and products of the invention find use in various clinical and laboratory settings.

The present invention relates to the identification, the isolation and the use of molecules interfering with the function(s) mediated by the poliovirus receptor (PVR) on cells. The molecules can be used for the treatment of cells having a metastatic potential, metastasis and cancer. Further methods are provided that are useful for identifying and isolating molecules which have the capacity to modulate PVR mediated adhesion or invasion potential of cells.

The present invention provides compositions of a natural cytokine mixture (NCM) for treating a cellular immunodeficiency characterized by T lymphocytopenia, one or more dendritic cell functional defects such as those associated with lymph node sinus histiocytosis, and / or one or more monocyte functional defects such as those associated with a negative skin test to NCM. The invention includes methods of treating these cellular immunodeficiences using the NCM of the invention. The compositions and methods are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with cellular immunodeficiencies such as cancer. Also provided are compositions and methods for reversing tumor-induced immune suppression comprising a chemical inhibitor and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The invention also provides a diagnostic skin test comprising NCM for predicting treatment outcome in cancer patients.

This invention focuses on the marriage of solid-state electronics and neuronal function to create a new high-throughput electrophysiological assay to determine a compound's acute and chronic effect on cellular function. Electronics, surface chemistry, biotechnology, and fundamental neuroscience are integrated to provide an assay where the reporter element is an array of electrically active cells. This innovative technology can be applied to neurotoxicity, and to screening compounds from combinatorial chemistry, gene function analysis, and basic neuroscience applications. The system of the invention analyzes how the action potential is interrupted by drugs or toxins. Differences in the action potentials are due to individual toxins acting on different biochemical pathways, which in turn affects different ion channels, thereby changing the peak shape of the action potential differently for each toxin. Algorithms to analyze the action potential peak shape differences are used to indicate the pathway(s) affected by the presence of a new drug or compound; from that, aspects of its function in that cell are deduced. This observation can be exploited to determine the functional category of biochemical action of an unknown compound. An important aspect of the invention is surface chemistry that permits establishment of a high impedance seal between cell and a metal microelectrode. This seal recreates the interface that enables functional patch-clamp electrophysiology with glass micropipettes, and allows extracellular electrophysiology on a microelectrode array. Thus, the invention teaches the feasibility of using living cells as diagnostics for high throughput real-time assays of cell function.

Described is a method of producing a repertoire of random peptides on the surface of AAV particles wherein said random peptides are expressed as a fusion with an AAV capsid protein of an AAV particle which displays at its surface said random polypeptides. Also described is a peptide library obtainable by said method as well as a method of selecting a gene therapy vector specific for a desired cell type comprising the steps of (a) infecting the desired cell type with a peptide library of the invention and (b) harvesting AAV library particles from the supernatant and / or cell lysates. Finally, AAV vectors obtained by said method are described which are useful for gene therapy, e.g., AAV vectors targeting primary human coronary artery endothelial cells which are suitable for the treatment of diseases associated with a dysfunction of said cells.

A biocompatible material, wherein at least a part of a surface of the biocompatible material is characterized by a micro or nano-meter scale topographical structure comprising a plurality of features where the structure is selected to promote the growth of undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells or serve to promote the uniform differentiated growth of stem cells. Furthermore, a biocompatible material is provided having a surface structure and composition that affects a cellular function, in particular cellular functions related to gene induction, cell differentiation and the formation of bone tissue in vivo and ex-vivo.

The present invention relates to materials and methods useful in the study of cells and species associated with cells. Materials of the present invention may include emissive, photostable organic molecules (e.g., conjugated polymers, conjugated oligomers) that are appropriately functionalized to interact with a cell with essentially no disruption in normal cell functioning. The present invention may be useful in, for example, cell imaging, cell tracking, in vivo monitoring of cellular events, drug delivery, and determination of biological species. In one embodiment, a conjugated polymer or oligomer may be internalized into a cell and may exhibit a strong and stable emissive signal, allowing the cell to be monitored under extensive microscopic conditions for extended periods of time.

The invention describes methods and agents for improving cosmetic appearance, for promoting, improving or restoring health of cells and tissues, preferably skin, and more preferably, for restoring aged or damaged skin to a healthy appearance. This invention relates to the use of cells and cellular extracts in rejuvenation and healing technologies thereby improving healing and regeneration of all bodily tissues and organs. The present invention relates to compositions and methods of managing, preventing, and treating scars. The invention also relates to prevention of deterioration, damage and malfunction of cells and tissues, and to promote, improve or exceed cellular function in order to promote, improve and exceed appearance, vitality and health. In some embodiments, the invention relates to compositions of cells, eggs, cell extracts, egg extracts, and extract components such as purified nucleic acids, polypeptides, lipids, carbohydrates or other natural products. Said components can also be synthesized. In other embodiments, the cells are differentiable cells preferably stem cells or eggs. In some embodiments, compositions are used in a method that comprises application of compositions to tissues, including skin and / or wounds after removal of tissue surface layers. In other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of dedifferentiation of cells and / or dedifferentiation followed by differentiation. In other embodiments, the invention relates to managing, preventing, and treating skin diseases.

The invention is used as an additive to a culture medium to maintain and grow various cells including stem cells and support their manufactured and secreted products including cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in an environment which provides:a) metabolic enabling or enhancement of measurable parameters within the cellular populationb) availability and usage of nutrients to cellsc) distinct and positive effect on cellular dynamics (i.e. cellular proliferation and secretion of manufactured products by the cells)d) stabilized environment for maintaining conditions for growth and other cellular and metabolic processes including secretion of manufactured products including signaling factorse) enhanced biological cellular function of inherent cellular processesf) non-interference with normal cellular metabolics (i.e. signaling)g) increased protection from toxic effects to the cellh) additional benefits to the cellular population which in absence of the additive would be lacking.

A grating-based sensor is disclosed that has a grating structure constructed and designed for both evanescent resonance (ER) fluorescence detection and label-free detection applications. One and two-dimensional gratings are also disclosed, including gratings characterized by unit cells with central posts, central holes, and two-level, two-dimensional gratings. A readout system for such sensors is also disclosed. Various applications for the biosensors are described, including cell-based assays for assessing the effect of drug compounds, proteins, peptides and other materials on cell function. A biosensor embodiment optimized for a luminescent response at two different wavelengths is also described. Such luminescent response could be produced by fluorescence (either native or from an attached fluorophore), phosphorescence, chemi-luminescence, or other luminescence technology. Two different luminescence technologies could be combined on the same biosensor chip.

The present invention is directed to a composition or formulation which includes an asymmetric disulfide which alone or in combination inhibits or interferes with cellular redox function, as well as a method of using same to restore normal cellular function. More specifically, the composition of the present invention interacts with, interferes with or inhibits abnormal cellular proliferation and restores or prevents inhibition of cellular apoptosis.

A method of utilizing the physiological activity of a rare saccharide, wherein physiological-activity sensitive cells are treated with the rare saccharide to modify the function of the cells. A composition containing, as an active ingredient, a rare saccharide which is introduced into physiological-activity sensitive cells and has an effect of modifying the function of the cells. The cells are human cells. The composition is a functional food, a drug, or a cosmetic. The rare saccharide is a rare saccharide belonging to aldose and / or ketose. The aldose is D-allose, and the cells are selected from the group consisting of cancer-cell proliferation inhibitory activity sensitive cells and active-oxygen production inhibitory activity sensitive cells. The ketose is D-psicose, and the cells are selected from the group consisting of chemokine secretion inhibitory activity sensitive cells, microglia migration inhibitory activity sensitive cells, and hypoglycemic activity sensitive cells.

Methods of treatment to suppress an immune response are provided. The method comprises administering to a subject in need of treatment a naked blocking antibody that binds selectively iNKT cells in an amount effective to suppress the subject's iNKT cell function. Compositions comprising, an isolated, humanized antibody that binds selectively iNKT cells are also provided.

Siderophore-photosensitizer conjugates, their synthesis and use in photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PACT) is disclosed. The advantage of this method is improvement of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy against, for example, pathogenic micro-organisms such as bacteria and fungi. Naturally occurring and synthetically available siderophore structures are conjugated chemically with photoactive compounds such as Chlorin e6 to improve their penetration into bacterial cells and to increase antibacterial efficacy of photosensitizers via microbial proteins that recognize and transport iron-loaded siderophores. In this way, photosensitizers can be transported inside bacteria that otherwise could not cross the cell wall and membranes. Photodynamic activation of photosensitizers inside the cells of pathogenic microbes enables a more effective inhibition of cellular functions than application at the outer side of the cells. The siderophore-transporting systems of microbes are known to be specific for bacteria and fungi. Consequently, siderophore conjugates with photosensitizers are not taken up by mammalian cells and photodynamic effects can thus be exerted specifically on pathogenic microbes. Applications of these conjugates include highly efficient treatment of pathogenic gram-negative and -positive bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, treatment of microbial infections that often occur in chronic wounds as well as therapy of other antibiotic resistant microbial infections.

Medical compositions and methods of treating or preventing neurodegeneration in a human suffering from or that is at risk of or susceptible to neurodegeneration or cellular dysfunction associated with expression or impaired cellular function of a neuronal protein encoded by one or more genes that code for alpha-synuclein (SNCA), Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase, (PARK2), Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PTEN-induced putative kinase / (PINK1), Daisuke-Junko 1, (DJ-1) and ATPase type 13A2 (ATP13A2), are disclosed. Methods of treatment for these disorders is also provided, comprising administering a vector into a cell, wherein the vector facilitates expression of a molecular component that alters one of the aforementioned genes in the cell or expression of the gene in the cell, the gene being implicated in an etiology of the neurological deficit.