261 results about "Beam tracking" patented technology

The present invention is directed to organic photosensitive optoelectronic devices and methods of use for determining the position of a light source. Provided is an organic position sensitive detector (OPSD) comprising: a first electrode, which is resistive and may be either an anode or a cathode; a first contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second contact in electrical contact with the first electrode; a second electrode disposed near the first electrode; a donor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an acceptor semiconductive organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and adjacent to the donor semiconductive organic layer. A hetero-junction is located between the donor layer and the acceptor layer, and at least one of the donor layer and the acceptor layer is light absorbing. The OPSD has an optical beam spatial resolution of 20 μm and measurements are insensitive to fluctuations in incident light beam intensity and background illumination. The response of the OPSD shows high linearity, low positional error, high spatial resolution, and good beam tracking velocity. The OPSDs exhibited linearities and positional uncertainties of <1%.

A method and apparatus perform Uplink (UL) beam tracking in a beamforming-based wireless communication system. A Mobile Station (MS) repeatedly transmits code sequences mapped respectively to MS transmit beams through each MS transmit beam as many times as the number of Base Station (BS) receive beams while sweeping the MS transmit beams. The MS receives, from a BS, transmit beam information indicating at least one best transmit beam selected from the MS transmit beams by the BS, and allocation information used to allocate UL resources for UL feedback. The MS transmits best beam information indicating the at least one best transmit beam and a MS identifier to the BS using the UL resources.

A first apparatus may communicate with a user equipment through a first active beam. The first apparatus may determine that beam tracking is to be performed with the UE, including identifying a new beam for communication between the UE and the apparatus. The first apparatus may perform beam tracking with the UE based on the determination that beam tracking is to be performed. The first apparatus may communicate with the UE through a second active beam based on the beam tracking.

A method and an apparatus for tracking a beam in a wireless communication system are provided. In the method, a plurality of downlink reference signals are received from a base station and at least one downlink transmission beam pattern is determined. A plurality of uplink reference signals are transmitted to the base station, each includes identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern. ACKnowledgement (ACK) information indicating that the base station has successfully received an identifier included in the identifier information corresponding to the determined at least one downlink transmission beam pattern from identifier information corresponding to an uplink transmission beam pattern and that the plurality of uplink reference signals from the base station is received.

A method and apparatus for improving and performing mmW beam tracking is disclosed. Localization methods to improve prediction of the position of a WTRU are described, which may allow a millimeter wave base station (mB) to appropriately select a modified beam and to perform more efficient handover. WTRUs may report directional signal strength measurements to mBs, which may then be used to generate a directional radio environment map (DREM) for use in identifying secondary links to use when a primary link fails. Additional localization techniques using internal / external information for prediction are described. Historical data use and the use of data obtained from mB-mB cooperation including feedback information and reference signaling information are also described. Methods for beam tracking for directional relays and initial beam training optimization are described as well. Finally, WTRU localization precision improvement, beamwidth adaptation, and assisted beam tracking and handover methods are also described.

The invention discloses a wave tracking method, a device and a system, which belongs to a communication technology field, can quickly find and in-time be swiched to a backup link from an optimal link, or be switched from the optimal link to the backup link, and effectively raise handling capacity of the system links. The wave beam tracking method comprise: a wave beam tracking initiator sends a wave beam tracking request to a wave beam tracking responder; the wave beam tracking initiator receives an enhanced wave beam tracking training auxiliary sequence sent by the wave beam tracking responder based on the enhanced wave beam tracking request; and when determaining whether needed to be swiched to the backup wave beam link based on a received detection result of the enhanced wave beam tracking training auxiliary sequence, the wave beam tracking initiator sends a first link swich information to the wave beam tracking responder.

A method and an apparatus for tracking an uplink beam in a beamforming-based cellular system are disclosed. A method for a terminal comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a serving base station, a measurement report containing signal qualities of the serving base station and neighboring base stations; receiving, from the serving base station, uplink beam tracking information of at least one beam tracking target base station; transmitting an uplink beam training signal for the beam tracking target base station, on the basis of the uplink beam tracking information; and receiving, from the serving base station, information on an optimum terminal transmission beam of the beam tracking target base station, and storing the received information.

Some aspects of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for utilizing information from inbuilt sensors of a wireless apparatus along with radio frequency (RF) measurements to assist and / or trigger a beam tracking operation. Some aspects of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for utilizing information available from inbuilt sensors of a wireless apparatus and RF measurements along with historical mobility information to assist a mobility operation such as an initial beam search, a neighbor beam search, and handovers.

The invention discloses antenna beam tracking device and method of a moving communication satellite communication system. The antenna beam tracking device comprises a geographical position detection device, a carrier gesture detection unit, a signal intensity detection unit, a signal conditioning circuit and a master control computer, wherein the master control computer controls a servo driver; and the servo driver controls an azimuth and pitching motor. The antenna beam tracking method comprises the following steps of: 1, initially capturing a target satellite; 2, tracking: setting initial parameters, storing and updating the initial parameters in real time, generating simultaneous disturbance random vectors, driving disturbance, measuring the intensity of received signals, estimating gradient, determining tracking error signals, regulating antenna beam pointing directions, and judging the received signals; and 3, recapturing. The invention has the advantages of simple design, low cost, system implementation without changing the hardware structure of an original tracking system, easy operation, high tracking accuracy and fast tracking speed and overcomes the defects of inconvenient operation, complex tracking step, lower tracking accuracy and tracking speed, and the like of the traditional method.

A method for performing beam tracking in a wireless communication network is provided. In the method, a transmitter station emits beam patterns including respective beam pattern indices to receiver stations and receives a feedback index indicating one of the beam patterns from each receiver station during a predetermined channel time after the emission of beam patterns is completed. A beam pattern feedback is processed using a simple code, thereby minimizing the amount of information and hardware required for beam search and tracking. In addition, in uni-directional beam tracking, it is possible to perform tracking on a number of beam links at once and a sub-channel that can be used for beam tracking and search is allocated to each station to allow a number of stations to simultaneously perform beam search, thereby reducing the amount of used channel time.

The invention discloses a method for visually tracking a plane abut-jointed weld beam by a linear laser aiming at the complex condition of a welding site. The method comprises the steps of: building a weld beam tracking system, establishing a coordinate system model of each part of the weld beam tracking system, calibrating a system structure by adopting a checkerboard target and a point laser; passively scanning a weld beam by a linear laser, stable and accurately positioning a laser weld beam center by adopting a weld seam center detection technology; and flexibly changing the detection distance between a weld point and an image through setting delay time by a user. According to the method, the influence on the quality of the image by arc light and spattering can be effectively avoided, small breakage of a laser bar is effectively resisted, and automatic tracking of the plane abut-jointed weld beam is stably and accurately realized on line. The method has an important significance on realizing the welding automation.

Briefly, a mechanism to performing beam tracking during an exchange of data packets disclosed. A perturbation on a transmit or receive beamforming vector is added for the transmission or reception of each data packet. The perturbation may be a minimum allowed phase rotation.

The invention relates to a digital beam tracking method for a molecular matrix of a satellite mobile communication phased-array antenna. The digital beam tracking method is characterized by comprising the following steps: dividing a phased array into 4 quadrants, namely the first quadrant, the second quadrant, the third quadrant and the fourth quadrant, according to the rectangular coordinate system, wherein the beam direction of each unit in each quadrant is controlled by united phased control logic; each quadrant comprises a power combiner (1), power dividers (2) and a tracking and receiving module (3); signals of the 4 quadrants share a tracking signal processing module (6) and a power combiner (4); power synthesis is independently carried out to the signal of each quadrant by the respective sub-array power combiner (1) to form the power-synthesized signal; then each quadrant respectively divides the power-synthesized signal into two signals by the power divider (2) of each quadrant. The digital beam tracking method can stably and reliably track the satellite under high-speed movement shaking conditions of a carrier.

A device and a method for imaging and positioning a multiparticle beam on a substrate is disclosed. The device comprises a particle beam source with a condenser optic that produces a particle beam that illuminates the surface of an aperture plate. A multiplicity of individual beams are produced from the particle beam by means of the aperture plate, which are then projected by a projection system onto a substrate where they describe a beam base point. The substrate or target, respectively, is placed on a table that is movable along an x-coordinate and a y-coordinate, and that is provided with a laser path measurement system. The laser path measurement system relays positional data with a fixed clock rate to a synchronization and control device 50 that positions the beam base point along the x-coordinate and the y-coordinate via a beam tracking system, taking into account the corrective data and pixel phase, whereby precise staircase beam-to-table positioning is achieved across the entire substrate in spite of faulty table movement.

A laser beam detection and tracking system includes a focal plane array sensor providing pixel data and a field programmable gate array controller receiving the pixel data for determining a centroid of the illuminating spot of the impinging laser beam and for determining variably sized windows of interest disposed around the spot for selecting a subset of pixels of the array for communicating a subset of the pixel of a window frame of data from the array to the controller for increasing the array frame rate for reducing laser jitter during tracking of the beam for improved beam tracking performance.

The invention discloses a dynamic beam tracking and testing device and method for a satellite-borne digital multi-beam receiving antenna. The dynamic beam tracking and testing device comprises a ground transmitting terminal, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle remote control device, a satellite-borne digital multi-beam receiving antenna, a satellite-borne receiver, a ground comprehensive processing device and rear-end data processing computer, wherein the ground transmitting terminal is loaded on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle remote control device remotely controls the unmanned aerial vehicle wirelessly, the satellite-borne digital multi-beam receiving antenna is connected with the satellite-borne receiver, the satellite-borne receiver is connected with the ground comprehensive processing device, and the ground comprehensive processing device is connected with the unmanned aerial vehicle remote control device and the rear-end data processing computer. The dynamic beam tracking and testing device simultaneously solves problems of near-field beam dynamic tracking and stereoscopic testing of the satellite-borne digital multi-beam receiving antenna and high-dynamic tracking for the rate of a fast moving target, improves the success rate of dynamic beam pointing testing and the dynamic beam pointing accuracy, reduces the system data transmitting and receiving bit error rate, and achieves application effects.

Disclosed is a novel scanning-probe type atomic force microscope wherein false deflection of the probe is reduced. The probe of the scanning-probe type atomic force microscope moves in both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction during the scanning, while the sample is kept in order to reduce the false deflection brought to the probe due to the scanning motion, two approaches are adopted. The first is to have a focused laser spot tracking an invariant point on the probe's cantilever, which moves three-dimensionally during the scanning. The second approach is to have the laser beam, which is reflected from the moving cantilever, hitting an invariant point of the PSD, when the sample is distanced from the probe and induces no deflection. A beam tracking system wherein the scanning probe is located approximately at the focal point of an objective lens and he optical system including a laser source, an optical module, a feedback module and the probe are driven by an approach mechanism to move in synchronization.

The invention discloses a fidelity enhanced beamforming method based on a distorted towed array, comprising the following steps: (1) simulating the radiation noise s(t) of an underwater acoustic target; (2) simulating the observation array signal xi(t), i =1,2,...,M, M is the number of elements in the towed array; (3) Roughly estimate the target orientation based on ideal beamforming as the steering angle when the target signal beam energy is maximum; (4) Detect the L of the target signal The line spectrum position l=1,2,...,L with the largest power; (5) Estimate the average delay difference △τi of each array element in the towed array from the phase difference at the strong line spectrum position, i=1 ,2,...,M; (6) Obtain fidelity-enhanced target tracking beam based on estimated time delay This method uses time delay estimation to correct the influence of distortion of the towed line array on beamforming, and obtain fidelity-enhanced target radiation Noise tracking beam.

A physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) region of a subframe may include a reference signal (RS) section that includes one or more of a beam-scanning subsection, a transmit (TX) beam-tracking subsection, a receive (RX) beam-tracking subsection, and a channel state information (CSI) subsection. Reference signals in the TX beam-tracking subsection may be used to update TX analog beams. Reference signals in the RX beam-tracking subsection may be used to update RX analog beams. Reference signals in the beam-scanning subsection may be used to evaluate different combinations of TX and RX analog beams for use in a future directional data transmission. Reference signals in the CSI subsection may be transmitted over quasi-co-located (QCL) antenna ports, and may be used for purposes of channel estimation.

The invention provides a bidirectional four-beam liquid crystal optical phased-array antenna and realizes a liquid crystal phased multi-user space bidirectional laser communication method based on the antenna. According to the antenna, large-angle deflection control is performed by adopting the combination of a transmission type liquid crystal polarization grating and a transmission type liquid crystal optical phased array, so as to realize beam scanning, and high-precision beam deflection control is performed through liquid crystal optical wedge control beams, so as to realize high-precision beam tracking. According to the bidirectional four-beam liquid crystal optical phased-array antenna and the liquid crystal phased multi-user space bidirectional laser communication method, linearly polarized beams of which two polarization directions are mutually perpendicular are independently controlled by adopting two parallel liquid crystal optical phased-array antennae, and receiving and sending separation of the same user optical signal is realized by adopting a circular polarization right-and-left spin multiplexing and liquid crystal optical phase combined method, so that multiuser bidirectional communication can be realized, and single-user polarization multiplexing communication also can be realized.

The present invention relates to a vehicle mountable satellite antenna as defined in the claims which is operable while the vehicle is in motion. The satellite antenna of the present invention can be installed on top of (or embedded into) the roof of a vehicle. The antenna is capable of providing high gain and a narrow antenna beam for aiming at a satellite direction and enabling broadband communication to vehicle. The present invention provides a vehicle mounted satellite antenna which has low axial ratio, high efficiency and has low grating lobes gain. The vehicle mounted satellite antenna of the present invention provides two simultaneous polarization states. In one embodiment, a hybrid mechanic and electronic steering approach provides a more reasonable cost and performance trade-off. The antenna aiming in the elevation direction is achieved via control of an electronic beamforming network. The antenna is mounted on a rotatable platform under mechanical steering and motion control for aiming the antenna in the azimuth direction. Such approach significantly reduces the complexity and increases the reliability of the mechanical design. The antenna height is compatible to the two-dimensional electronic steering phased-array antenna. Additionally, the number of the electronic processing elements required is considerably reduced from that of the conventional two-dimensional electronic steering phased-array antenna, thereby allowing for low cost and large volume commercial production. The present invention provides electronically generated left, right, up, and down beams for focusing the antenna beam toward the satellite while the vehicle is moving. All of the beams are simultaneously available for use in the motion beam tracking. This provides much faster response and less signal degradation.

An iono-refractive structure that includes one or more ion insertion layers having a real portion and an imaginary portion of the dielectric constant is provided. While both the real portion and the imaginary portion of the dielectric constant change, the change in the imaginary portion is less than the change in the real portion at the wavelength of interest or at the operational wavelength. The iono-refractive structure may be suitable for the fabrication of or integration with tunable optical filters, wavelength-selective optical elements, active modulated interferometers, optical phase shifters, optical phased array beam steering, optical phased array beam tracking, tunable optical filters, sensors, variable lenses, tunable diffraction gratings, and other optical components.

The present invention relates to a vehicle mountable satellite antenna as defined in the claims which is operable while the vehicle is in motion. The satellite antenna of the present invention can be installed on top of (or embedded into) the roof of a vehicle. The antenna is capable of providing high gain and a narrow antenna beam for aiming at a satellite direction and enabling broadband communication to vehicle. The present invention provides a vehicle mounted satellite antenna which has low axial ratio, high efficiency and has low grating lobes gain. The vehicle mounted satellite antenna of the present invention provides two simultaneous polarization states. In one embodiment, a hybrid mechanic and electronic steering approach provides a more reasonable cost and performance trade-off. The antenna aiming in the elevation direction is achieved via control of an electronic beamforming network. The antenna is mounted on a rotatable platform under mechanical steering and motion control for aiming the antenna in the azimuth direction. Such approach significantly reduces the complexity and increases the reliability of the mechanical design. The antenna height is compatible to the two-dimensional electronic steering phased-array antenna. Additionally, the number of the electronic processing elements required is considerably reduced from that of the conventional two-dimensional electronic steering phased-array antenna, thereby allowing for low cost and large volume commercial production. The present invention provides electronically generated left, right, up, and down beams for focusing the antenna beam toward the satellite while the vehicle is moving. All of the beams are simultaneously available for use in the motion beam tracking. This provides much faster response and less signal degradation.

An antenna-receiver communications system and method is provided to mechanize multibeam mobile antenna-receive subsystems. Digital beam forming for modern wideband mobile communications systems is provided. In an aspect, subsystems can simultaneously receive, acquire, track and output a multiplicity of signals from sources of different locations using a single antenna aperture from a mobile platform. The angle of arrival of a signal of interest is continuously determined. Individual phased array antenna output channels are phased aligned as required by the phased array equation and monopulse signal processing. Angle sensing and beamsteering are separated from antenna channel coherent summation. Thus, the angle sensing and beamsteering functions are not required to be computed at the data rate, but can instead be computed at a rate necessary for the beam acquisition and beam tracking function speed requirements. Signal processing computational load and system cost is reduced as compared to current systems.

The invention discloses an uplink beam tracking method and a corresponding terminal and base station. The terminal sends uplink information to the base station based on an uplink optimized transmitting beam and receives feedback information of the base station, wherein the feedback information is used for indicating a triggering state of uplink beam tracking to the terminal; and when determining that the uplink beam tracking is triggered according to the feedback information, the terminal sends an uplink beam tracking signal to the base station. The base station receives the uplink information sent by a receiving end based on uplink optimized receiving beam, and the base station determines whether to trigger the uplink beam tracking or not according to a receiving state of the uplink information and sends the feedback information to the terminal. According to the scheme, the change state of the uplink optimized transmitting beam can be effectively discovered, and the related uplink beam tracking can be triggered timely.

An antenna-receiver communications system and method is provided to mechanize multibeam mobile antenna-receive subsystems. Digital beam forming for modern wideband mobile communications systems is provided. In an aspect, subsystems can simultaneously receive, acquire, track and output a multiplicity of signals from sources of different locations using a single antenna aperture from a mobile platform. The angle of arrival of a signal of interest is continuously determined. Individual phased array antenna output channels are phased aligned as required by the phased array equation and monopulse signal processing. Angle sensing and beamsteering are separated from antenna channel coherent summation. Thus, the angle sensing and beamsteering functions are not required to be computed at the data rate, but can instead be computed at a rate necessary for the beam acquisition and beam tracking function speed requirements. Signal processing computational load and system cost is reduced as compared to current systems.

An iono-refractive structure that includes one or more ion insertion layers having a real portion and an imaginary portion of the dielectric constant is provided. While both the real portion and the imaginary portion of the dielectric constant change, the change in the imaginary portion is less than the change in the real portion at the wavelength of interest or at the operational wavelength. The iono-refractive structure may be suitable for the fabrication of or integration with tunable optical filters, wavelength-selective optical elements, active modulated interferometers, optical phase shifters, optical phased array beam steering, optical phased array beam tracking, tunable optical filters, sensors, variable lenses, tunable diffraction gratings, and other optical components.

The invention discloses an atomic force microscope system suitable for high-speed scanning. The system comprises an X-direction scanner, a two-dimensional scanning module, an optical lever detection module and an optical microscope module, wherein the X-direction scanner is carried on a vertical lifting motor for performing one-dimensional scanning of horizontal direction on a sample; the two-dimensional scanning module corresponds to the sample to perform Y-direction and Z-direction scanning on the sample; the optical lever detection module and the optical microscope module are in light path connection with the two-dimensional scanning module for performing optical detection on the sample. The sample is fixedly arranged on the X-direction scanner. According to the atomic force microscope system suitable for the high-speed scanning, higher scanner bandwidth and a better optical observation effect are achieved while a smaller laser spot size and larger range beam tracking capacity can be guaranteed.

A hybrid antenna system for providing a communication service or / and a satellite broadcasting receiving service by coarsely tracking a target satellite in a mechanical fashion and finely tracking the target satellite in an electrical fashion is disclosed. The hybrid antenna system includes: a rotatory unit for tracking a satellite direction using a mechanical movement including a rotating motion and an electron beam tracking function and transmitting / receiving a multi-band frequency from a satellite through a free space; a stationary unit for communicating to an external terminal and / or transmitting and receiving a broadcasting signal from / to the external terminal; and a stabilizing unit for connecting the rotatory unit to the stationary unit, and driving and controlling the rotatory unit in mechanical fashion and electrical fashion.