The invention belongs to the technical field of immunological detection, mainly relates to immunological quantitative determination of pollution of heavy metal cadmium ion in water, and more specifically relates to a method for detecting cadmium ion pollution in water by a blocking ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. The method is characterized in that Cd<2+> and excessive EDTA are chelated to form a Cd<2+>-EDTA chelate compound; the Cd<2+>-EDTA chelate compound in water and Cd<2+>-ITCBE-OVA coated on an enzyme label plate competes an antigen-binding site of a Cd<2+>-EDTA monoclonal antibody, HRP-labeled goat anti mouse IgG and a TMB substrate are added, after coloration is terminated, A450nm value is read by an ELIASA, by contrasting with a standard curve, the Cd<2+> concentration in water can be obtained. According to the invention, the treatment method of a water sample to be detected is sample, a large-scale apparatus is not required during the detection process, the operation is simple and rapid, sample detection amount is large, timeliness is strong, detection cost is low, popularization is convenient, detection result accuracy is high, repeatability is good, and the detection range is 5.0-512mum g / L.