The invention discloses a quantitative detection instrument for the content of melamine in liquid milk, which comprises a laser device, a light-dividing device, a focusing mirror, a reagent bottle holder for fixing a reagent bottle, an optical fiber coupler, and a spectrum detection device, wherein the reagent bottle holder is provided with a light transmission hole; the laser emitted by the laser device orderly passes through the light-dividing device, the focusing mirror and the light transmission hole and then is focused in a liquid milk sample in the reagent bottle ;, an optical signal which is reflected backward illuminates the light-dividing device through the light transmission hole and the focusing mirror; and the optical signal reflected by the light-dividing device passes through the optical fiber coupler through a conductive light path and then enters the spectrum detection device for detection. The quantitative detection instrument has the advantages of simple and compact structure, convenient use, and low cost, reduces the requirement on light path alignment of detection instruments, does not need performing light path adjustment, has short detection time, also reduces the cost for using consumptive materials at the late stage, and can quickly and accurately detect the content of the melamine in the liquid milk.