The invention discloses an adaptive pressure-relieving grouting bolt, which overcomes the problem in the prior art that the reinforcement ability of the bolt needs to be improved. The invention includes an anchor body, an adaptive locking device, a grouting hole, a grout stopper, a grout stopper backing plate, a fastening nut and a grout stopper, wherein the anchor rod body is a hollow tube, and the anchor rod body is sleeved on In the self-adaptive locking device, there is a grouting hole on the side wall of the bolt body sleeved in the rock, and the side of the bolt body protruding out of the rock passes through the middle part of the grout stopper and the grout stopper backing plate. , after the self-adaptive locking device is socketed, the connection is fixed through the fastening nut, and the end of the anchor rod body is provided with a grout plug. The self-adaptive locking device includes a locking wedge mechanism, an upper sleeve, an isolation rubber ring, a positioning lower sleeve, a grout plug nut, a screw washer and a spring. In this technology, the upper sleeve releases the pressure of the bolt body by cutting the pre-unloading protrusion of the bolt body, effectively controlling the large deformation of the surrounding rock, improving the anchoring efficiency, and meeting the requirements of bolt support technology in deep geotechnical engineering.