The invention relates to an air-spaced explosive charging structure and an air-spaced explosive charging method, and belongs to the technical field of blasting. The air-spaced explosive charging structure comprises a gravel layer, a plurality of explosive charging
layers, a plurality of spacing
layers, a blasthole protector and a
stemming filling layer. The gravel layer is arranged at the bottom of a blasthole; the explosive charging
layers and the spacing layers are alternately arranged; the explosive charging layers are arranged at the top of the gravel layer; the spacing layers are
water bottle air spacers; the blasthole protector is arranged at the blasthole; and the
stemming filling layer is arranged in the blast hole protector of the blasthole in a filling manner. According to the air-spaced explosive charging structure, the explosive charging speed is high, the explosive charging process is simple, the blasting cost is low, and the air-spaced space is large; after explosives explode, opposite
impact waves are excited in an air column and explosion is carried out in the center of the air column, so that the pressure is increased, and the impulse of stress
waves transmitted torock is increased; and meanwhile, shock
waves reciprocate and collide repeatedly, the action time of the shock waves is prolonged,
detonation wave
peak pressure is reduced, a smashing area is reduced, the
effective energy utilization rate of explosives is increased, and the blasting effect is improved.