66results about "Pyrometry using radiation pressure" patented technology

Millimeter wave imaging apparatus for use, in articular, as an indoor security system to identify objects concealed under the clothing of a person in a background scene, including means for generating a millimetric temperature contrast between the person to be imaged and the surroundings in scene. This may be a "hot" or "cold" source for producing a flux, and a relatively smaller flux respectively, of incoherent millimeter wavelength radiation. The apparatus may also include at least one partial ellipsoid reflective enclosure for reflecting millimeter wavelength radiation emitted from the "hot" and "cold" source so as to generate non-localized and uniform illumination of the person. The enclosure may have a metallic inner surface on which a dimpled pattern may be embossed to diffuse the millimeter wavelength radiation reflected from the metallic inner surface. The apparatus also includes one or more millimeter wavelength imaging cameras for detecting the millimeter wavelength radiation at one or more millimeter wave center frequencies, which may be mounted inside or outside the reflective enclosure. An image of the objects may be generated on a television monitor from the detected radiation.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a fiber optic pressure sensor apparatus which includes a light source, a reflective sensor diaphragm movable in accordance with pressure in a medium and an optical fiber coupled to the light source for delivering a first wavefront of light to the reflective sensor diaphragm. The optical fiber has an endface which is separated from the reflective sensor diaphragm by a gap, the endface receiving a second wavefront of light reflected from the reflective sensor diaphragm. The first and second wavefronts constructively and destructively interfere to create a modulated optical signal. A spectrometer is coupled to the optical fiber for converting the optical signal into a series of digital values, and means for analyzing the digital values is provided for obtaining a measurement of the pressure in the medium. An optical coupler is preferably provided for coupling the light source, the optical fiber, and the spectrometer. A power monitoring optical detector means may be coupled to the light source by the optical coupler. A graded-index lens may be coupled to the endface of the optical fiber. The angle between the endface and a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber may be formed to be between zero and 11 degrees. A sealed or vented sensor body may be provided. In sealed embodiments, organic adhesives are preferably used to seal the sensor body. The means for analyzing the digital values preferably includes means for recovering phase information from the modulated optical signal by taking a Fourier transform of the modulated optical signal. Sensor gap measurements are then derived from this phase information.

An optical sensor device for local analysis of a combustion process in a combustor of a thermal power plant, in particular a gas turbine plant, includes at least one wavelength selective optical element exposed directly or indirectly to hot combustion gases being produced by said combustion process, the optical element including an array of nano- and / or microcrystalline fibres which are created by shear flow crystallization.

An optical inclination sensor is provided having at least one reflective surface and at least two separate optical fibers having ends spaced from a reflective surface. As the reflective surface tilts with respect to a pre-determined reference position the gap lengths between the fiber ends and the reflective surface change and the differences in these gap lengths is used to calculate an angle of inclination with respect to a reference position. The optical inclination sensor can include at least one mass attached to a housing and moveable with respect to the housing as the mass and housing are rotated about one or more axes. Optical strain sensors are disposed a various locations between the mass and housing so that as the mass moves with respect to the housing, each one of the optical strain sensors are placed in compression or tension. The housing can be a generally u-shaped housing having two arms and a base section with the mass disposed within the housing. Alternatively, the housing includes a first beam, and the mass is a second beam arranged generally orthogonal to the first beam and pivotally attached thereto. The optical strain sensors are disposed between the first beam and the second beam. The optical strain sensors are placed in tension or compression as the second beam pivots with respect to the first beam.

The invention provides a method for measuring temperature in real time. The method is characterized in that temperaturemeasurement comprises the following steps: processing radiation lights emitted by a measured object by a light-splitting mechanism to obtain two or more than two multi-wavelength radiation light beams; receiving radiation energies with different wavelength by a photoelectric detector to obtain a radiation energy ratio; calculating corresponding temperature values according to a formula of the blackbody radiation theory; obtaining correction factors of single-wavelength radiation energies by taking a temperature value calibrated by a standard blackbody radiation source in a high-temperature range as a criterion; and calculating the corrected single-wavelength radiation energies to obtain a temperature value in a low-temperature range. The method has the advantages that with the adoption of a multi-wavelength optical temperature measuring technology, measurement errors caused by emissivity of an object surface, a temperature measuring distance, a temperature measuring angle, and environmental factors such as air flows, impurities and the like are reduced, and the temperature measuring accuracy is improved; the measuring accuracy and stability is improved, and the measuring range is widened extremely by the corrected single-wavelength radiation temperature measurement.

An infrared device can measure quick-response of liquid steel temperature continuously. It contains temperature tube, temperature gun, tubular conical connecter packaged on open end of temperature tube and measuring probe equipped in center of upper cavity. Upper open end of temperature gun is connected with a protective metal hose, which both as the delivery channel of cooling gas and laying channel of fiber optic cable, communication and power cable. Cavity outside protective shell of inner measuring probe of temperature gun is cooling gas channel. In the middle of temperature gun set a measuring locator with gas caulking ring. Tubular measuring locator is under gas caulking ring and there are many blow holds on their joint. A microtubule honeycomb duct spirals on central port of caulking ring. The conical connecter inserts in the measuring locator. The invention adopts special function of training temperature gun and monolayer temperature tube with high temperature conductivity to realize except baking, quick response and precious dynamic measuring of the temperature tube.

A method and system for an optical navigation device configured to generate navigation information through a transparent layer. Specifically, the optical navigation device includes a light source that is configured to illuminate a reflective surface through a layer that is optically transparent to the light source. A sensor is configured to generate navigation information in response to light reflecting off the reflective surface. The sensor is configured with a depth of field to support a distance between the sensor and the reflective surface. A contact sensor is also included to indicate when the optical navigation device is no longer in contact with the transparent layer. The contact sensor allows for skating functionality for the optical navigation device.

The invention relates to spectrum extreme value temperature detecting method. It includes the4 following steps: infrared radiation ray of the object is collected by the condenser lens into Fourier analysis spectrograph; scanning, recording spectrograph curve, and storing the spectrum into computer; calculating out the object temperature by Wien's displacement law according to the peak value wavelength of the spectrum curve; displaying on the display screen. The range of the measuring temperature is 300-3000k. The invention has the advantages of high measuring precision, wide measuring range.

An improved apparatus for measuring the temperature of an object such as a food object. Also, a related method, container, transportation member and production line which utilizes this apparatus. The apparatus includes a coupling device for coupling radiation emanating from the object to at least a first radiation temperature measuring radiometer, and a first device for switching measurement circuitry between measuring the radiation temperature of at least a first reference temperature and the radiation temperature of the object.

The invention provides a tactile sensor module that enables adjustment of the density of sensing elements and adjustment of mounting regions to be carried out in a straightforward manner with one type of module that is highly adaptive to complex curved surfaces. A tactile sensor module comprises a flexible substrate having one or a plurality of strips, a plurality of sensing elements arranged at the one or plurality of strips of the flexible substrate, one or more communication terminals provided at the flexible substrate; and at least one electronic circuit section provided at the flexible substrate having communication functions. At least one of the strips comprises a foldable region and / or a cuttable region.

The invention provides a tactile sensor module that enables adjustment of the density of sensing elements and adjustment of mounting regions to be carried out in a straightforward manner with one type of module that is highly adaptive to complex curved surfaces. A tactile sensor module comprises a flexible substrate having one or a plurality of strips, a plurality of sensing elements arranged at the one or plurality of strips of the flexible substrate, one or more communication terminals provided at the flexible substrate; and at least one electronic circuit section provided at the flexible substrate having communication functions. At least one of the strips comprises a foldable region and / or a cuttable region.

An optical inclination sensor is provided having at least one reflective surface and at least two separate optical fibers having ends spaced from a reflective surface. As the reflective surface tilts with respect to a pre-determined reference position the gap lengths between the fiber ends and the reflective surface change and the differences in these gap lengths is used to calculate an angle of inclination with respect to a reference position. The optical inclination sensor can include at least one mass attached to a housing and moveable with respect to the housing as the mass and housing are rotated about one or more axes. Optical strain sensors are disposed a various locations between the mass and housing so that as the mass moves with respect to the housing, each one of the optical strain sensors are placed in compression or tension. The housing can be a generally u-shaped housing having two arms and a base section with the mass disposed within the housing. Alternatively, the housing includes a first beam, and the mass is a second beam arranged generally orthogonal to the first beam and pivotally attached thereto. The optical strain sensors are disposed between the first beam and the second beam. The optical strain sensors are placed in tension or compression as the second beam pivots with respect to the first beam.

A method for determining temperature of a material (32) comprising: measuring at least one of the real and imaginary part of the permittivity of the material (32) at each of at least one frequency (36) for which substantially only a single component of the material contributes to the dielectric permittivity of the material (32), for which known component the permittivity as a function of temperature is known; and using at least one of the determined real and imaginary part of the permittivity at each of the at least one frequency and the dependence of the permittivity of the known component on temperature to determine temperature of the known component and thereby of the material (32).

A method and system for an optical navigation device configured to generate navigation information through a transparent layer. Specifically, the optical navigation device includes a light source that is configured to illuminate a reflective surface through a layer that is optically transparent to the light source. A sensor is configured to generate navigation information in response to light reflecting off the reflective surface. The sensor is configured with a depth of field to support a distance between the sensor and the reflective surface. A contact sensor is also included to indicate when the optical navigation device is no longer in contact with the transparent layer. The contact sensor allows for skating functionality for the optical navigation device.

A pressure sensor is disclosed with at least one pressure sensing element, the pressure induced changes in the optical properties of which are evaluated by illumination with at least one light source. The pressure sensor can include at least two semiconductor-based pressure sensing elements located in individual pressure chambers, which sensing elements are located essentially adjacent to each other. The sensing elements can be irradiated with the same light source, wherein the light transmitted through the sensing elements is detected using at least two corresponding detectors, and wherein the differential pressure in the two pressure chambers is evaluated based on the output of these detectors.

A microwave ablation system incorporates a microwave thermometer that couples to a microwave transmission network connecting a microwave generator to a microwave applicator to measure noise temperature. The noise temperature is processed to separate out components the noise temperature including the noise temperature of the tissue being treated and the noise temperature of the microwave transmission network. The noise temperature may be measured by a radiometer while the microwave generator is generating the microwave signal or during a period when the microwave signal is turned off. The microwave ablation system may be configured as a modular system having one or more thermometry network modules that are connectable between a microwave applicator and a microwave generator. Alternatively, the modular system includes a microwave generator, a microwave applicator, and a microwave cable that incorporate a microwave thermometry network module.

Disclosed herein is an optical sensor design and method for continually interrogating that sensor to produce an accurate representation of a dynamic event (such as a change in strain, pressure or temperature) being monitored by the sensor. The sensor design preferably constitutes continuous wave optical source / detection equipment coupled in series to a first fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a long period grating (LPG), and a second FBG formed in an optical waveguide. The LPG broadly attenuates light in the vicinity of the Bragg reflection wavelength λ2B of the second FBG, and this attenuation profile shifts in wavelength in accordance with the dynamic event being monitored. Perturbation of the attenuation profile thus attenuates the intensity of the light reflected from the second FBG, i.e., I(λB2), because such reflected light must pass (twice) through the LPG. Accordingly, continually monitoring I(λB2) as a function of time allows the dynamic event to be recreated and processed accordingly. If necessary, I(λB2) can be normalized by dividing it by the intensity of the Bragg reflection wavelength from the first FBG, I(λB1), to discard attenuation within the system not related to the dynamic event being monitored.

A door having a pneumatic sensing edge is operated automatically to open when an object and the edge make contact An optical pressure switch (10) in fluid communication with gas forced from the edge on contact with the object initiates the operation of a door opener The optical pressure switch (10) includes a membrane (16) having a portion that interrupts a light beam (LB) when the membrane (16) flexes due to the increase gas pressure over ambient pressure as gas is forced from the edge

The present invention provides a measuring method and a measuring system that are capable of accurately measuring the surface temperature of a surface to be measured, without being influenced by the emissivity distribution of the surface to be measured. A surface to be measured that has an emissivity distribution, a radiometer that measures a radiance distribution of the surface to be measured, and an auxiliary heat source installed in a specular reflection position from the radiometer with respect to the surface to be measured are prepared, radiances of two places having different emissivities of the surface to be measured are measured at two different auxiliary-heat-source temperatures, a reflectance ratio of the two places having the different emissivities is calculated on the basis of two measured radiances of the two places having the different emissivities, and temperature of the surface to be measured is obtained using the reflectance ratio and the measured radiances of the two places having the different emissivities.

The invention discloses a method for calibrating a heat flow meter through blackbody radiation. The method includes the steps that the heat flow meter is placed in a blackbody furnace, the radiation heat flow density qb-1 of the position where the heat flow meter is located is calculated, output voltage E of the heat flow meter is measured, and a calibration coefficient alpha is obtained; when the heat flow meter is located in a temperature even area or a temperature uneven area of the blackbody furnace, the radiation heat flow density qb-1 can be obtained according to different calculation formulas. A heat flow sensor is calibrated by the adoption of a blackbody radiation method, the heat flow meter is placed in the blackbody furnace, and compared with a traditional blackbody radiation calibration method, the method has the advantages that not only can the heat flow meter located in the temperature even area of the blackbody furnace be calibrated, but also the heat flow meter located in the temperature uneven area and incapable of being calibrated in a traditional method can also be calibrated.

The present application provides a fiber optic sensor system. The fiber optic sensor system may include a small diameter bellows, a large diameter bellows, and a fiber optic pressure sensor attached to the small diameter bellows. Contraction of the large diameter bellows under an applied pressure may cause the small diameter bellows to expand such that the fiber optic pressure sensor may measure the applied pressure.

A foil-type pressure sensor includes a first foil and a second foil. A spacer is arranged in between the first and second foils, which keeps the foils at a certain distance from each other. The spacer presents an opening that defines a sensing region. In this sensing region, the first and second foils can be brought closer one to the other against the resiliency of the foils by pressure acting on the pressure sensor. The pressure sensor further includes light emitting means arranged between the foils for inputting light into the sensing region and light collecting means arranged between the foils for collecting light propagated from the light emitting means through at least part of the sensing region to the light collecting means. When the first and second foils are brought closer one to the other, at least one of the first and the second foils at least partially blocks light propagation through the sensing region.

A pressure-sensitive sensor which is a load detecting device of the present invention is structured to include: an optical fiber of a predetermined length; a light-emitting element, disposed at a longitudinal direction one end side of the optical fiber, for emitting light and making the light incident from one end of the optical fiber; a light-receiving element, disposed at a longitudinal direction other end side of the optical fiber, for receiving light which has passed through the optical fiber and outputting a signal corresponding to an amount of received light; and a power source wire for light-emission and a ground wire for light-emission which are wound around an outer periphery of the optical fiber, and are formed in spiral forms along the outer periphery, and are connected to the light-emitting element. The power source wire for light-emission, which forms a spiral form at the outer periphery of the optical fiber, functions as a pressure element and improves sensitivity of the pressure-sensitive sensor.

Provided is a measuring method capable of accurately measuring the surface temperature of a surface to be measured, uninfluenced by the emissivity distribution of the surface to be measured. A surface to be measured having an emissivity distribution, a radiometer that measures a radiance distribution of the surface to be measured, and an auxiliary heat source installed in a specular reflection position from the radiometer with respect to the surface to be measured are prepared, radiances of two places having different emissivities of the surface to be measured are measured at two different auxiliary-heat-source temperatures, a reflectance ratio of the two places having the different emissivities is calculated on the basis of two measured radiances of the two places having the different emissivities, and temperature of the surface to be measured is obtained using reflectance ratio and measured radiances of the two places having different emissivities.

A pressure-sensitive sensor which is a load detecting device of the present invention is structured to include: an optical fiber of a predetermined length; a light-emitting element, disposed at a longitudinal direction one end side of the optical fiber, for emitting light and making the light incident from one end of the optical fiber; a light-receiving element, disposed at a longitudinal direction other end side of the optical fiber, for receiving light which has passed through the optical fiber and outputting a signal corresponding to an amount of received light; and a power source wire for light-emission and a ground wire for light-emission which are wound around an outer periphery of the optical fiber, and are formed in spiral forms along the outer periphery, and are connected to the light-emitting element. The power source wire for light-emission, which forms a spiral form at the outer periphery of the optical fiber, functions as a pressure element and improves sensitivity of the pressure-sensitive sensor.

Provided is a multi-function radar apparatus capable of measuring both a distance to a target object and a temperature of the target object with high accuracy. A transmission signal produced from a high-frequency signal generating unit (9) is amplified by a transmission signal amplifying unit (12) while intermittently stopped by a transmission intermittent stop switch (11), and is emitted to a target object (13) via a circulator unit (2). A reflected wave from the target object (13) is input as a reception signal to a transmitting and receiving antenna (1) while the transmission signal is emitted, and a radiated wave from the target object (13) is input as the reception signal thereto while the transmission signal is not emitted. The reception signal is amplified by a reception signal amplifying unit (3) via the circulator unit (2), and is mixed by a frequency converting unit (4) with the transmission signal branched by a high-frequency signal branching unit (10) to thereby generate a beat signal. A signal processing unit (6) calculates the distance to the target object (13) and the temperature of the target object (13) based on the beat signal amplified by a beat signal amplifying unit (5).

A transparent photodetector. The transparent photodetector includes a substrate; a waveguide on the substrate; a displaceable structure that can be displaced with respect to the substrate, the displaceable structure in proximity to the waveguide; and a silicon nanowire array suspended with respect to the substrate and mechanically linked to the displaceable structure, the silicon nanowire array comprising a plurality of silicon nanowires having piezoresistance. In operation, a light source propagating through the waveguide results in an optical force on the displaceable structure which further results in a strain on the nanowires to cause,a change in electrical resistance of the nanowires. The substrate may be a semiconductor on insulator substrate.