The invention discloses a
crustal stress rapid measuring device and method of a rock stratum under a
coal mine. The device specifically comprises an
electric control high pressure pump and a handlance which are integrated, a
high pressure pipeline, a packer, a
pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a
hydraulic fracturing measurement and control instrument and the like. The method comprises the steps that: a segment of tunnel stable in surrounding rock property is selected, and a group of boreholes are formed in the tunnel, and the packer and the
high pressure pipeline are installed in the boreholes and are further connected with equipment such as the high pressure pump so as to carry out
hydraulic fracturing; in the
hydraulic fracturing process, the measurement and control instrument is utilized to monitor and display pipeline
water pressure and displacement data curves; according to the recorded
pressure data and curves, the magnitude of the
crustal stress is automatically calculated; and a
colored borehole observation instrument with an annular transparent soft tube and a dial is utilized to observe the crack orientation of the hole wall, and the direction of the
crustal stress is further determined. The whole set of
system is simple in method, easy to operate, compact in equipment structure, convenient to carry and very beneficial to the rapid and reliable measurement of the crustal stress of the rock stratum under the
coal mine, thereby ensuring the safe exploitation under the
coal mine.