The invention discloses an AIS-based ship traffic management system, and relates to the technical field of ship traffic management. The system is composed of a ship traffic control center, a group ofAIS shore stations and a ship. The ship traffic control center and the ship are respectively provided with an AIS transceiver. The working mode of the system is ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore and shore-to-ship states, the system can operate autonomously, and user intervention is minimized. According to the invention, the traffic management system is formed by the traffic control center, the AIS basestation and the ship. Management personnel can accurately know all aspects of information of the ship through ship feedback information. According to the invention, visual course, route, navigation name and other information of all ships can be displayed on the electronic chart, the function of improving maritime affair communication is achieved, instructions or safety signals can be sent to the ships through the information, the course, navigation speed and other information of the ships can be known mutually, and the measures for avoiding collision between the ships can be enhanced.