The invention belongs to the technical field of magnetic resonance imaging, in particular to a method for rapidly quantifying T1ρ based on magnetic resonance fingerprint imaging. The method of the present invention includes adding a spin-lock preparation pulse before the traditional MRF sequence, and through reasonable modeling, the T1ρ evolution of the signal is fused with the T1, T2 evolution of the signal, so that the signal collected at each time point includes T1, T2 and Components of T1ρ. Design the sequence parameters TSL, FA, TR, and TE with pseudo-random changes, and establish a dictionary of different relaxation time value combinations through the evolution of the magnetization vector in the Bloch equation, and match the actually collected image sequence with the dictionary to quantify T1ρ, T1 and T2 values. Compared with the traditional exponential fitting method, the method for quantifying T1ρ of the present invention can greatly shorten the scanning time, and is expected to have greater application value in T1ρ imaging.