The invention provides a 29-plex Y-STR typing system for family search and paternal biogeographic ancestor inference. Specifically, a Y chromosome short tandem repeat typing kit provided by the invention contains detection reagents for specifically detecting Y chromosome STR loci in the following groups (a), (b) and (c) that: the group (a) includes DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392,DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y-GATA-H4; the group (b) includes DYS526a, DYS526b, DYS570, DYS576 and DYS626; and the group (c) includes DYS388, DYS460, DYS481, DYS593, DYS596, DYS643 and DYS645. The typing system disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, easiness in typing reading, high amplification specificity, balanced typing result peak value, reliable and stable performance and the like.