The invention provides a calculation method and a calculation system of an ocean, atmosphere and fresh water load effect. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, extracting ocean tide information by utilizing a satellite altimeter, and obtaining an initial value of global ocean tide zeta according to the ocean tide information; step S2, acquiring change values of a sea surface height, a sea surface density, atmospheric pressure and fresh water storage amount, determining an elastic earth model according to the change values, and calculating a load tide zeta SAL; and step S3, acquiring a tide generating force according to the initial value of the zeta and the load tide zeta SAL, repeating the step S1 for multiple times to obtain zeta, and recalculating the zeta SAL according to the tide generating force until an accurate zeta SAL value is obtained.