The invention discloses a hydrographic survey ship measurement cable taking-up and setting-out device, which comprises a hydrographic winch device, a deflecting pulley, a cable taking-up and setting-out crane jib and a cable tensioning device, wherein the hydrographic winch device is arranged on an orlop deck, and comprises a frequency conversion brake motor, a speed reducer and a cable drum; one end of a cable is fixedly arranged on the cable drum; the other end of the cable is led to an outer part of a ship board through the deflecting pulley arranged on a lower side of an upper deck; and the cable taking-up and setting-out crane jib is arranged on one side of the upper deck, which is close to the ship board, and comprises a vertical cradle, a horizontal hanging beam, a foundation support, a folding draw bar, a first pulley, an X-axial direction angle sensor and a horizontal hanging beam taking-up mechanism. The hydrographic survey ship measurement cable taking-up and setting-out device has a compact structure and is convenient to use, the horizontal hanging beam can be quickly set out or stored in the vertical cradle, the X-axial direction angle sensor and a hydrographic survey instrument on ends of the horizontal hanging beam can be prevented from being damaged due to storm attach after the horizontal hanging beam is stored, and the reliability in operation of the device is improved.