221 results about "Hybrid coupler" patented technology

A distributed antenna system (DAS) includes a multiple-input and multiple-output (“MIMO”) base station configured to output at least a first and second signal, and a hybrid coupler coupled thereto, the coupler configured to receive the first and second signal from the MIMO base station on respective first and second ports and provide an output signal on at least one output port, the output signal including at least a portion of the first signal and at least a portion of the second signal. The DAS further includes a master unit communicating with the coupler and configured to receive at least the output signal, and at least one remote unit communicating with the master unit and configured to communicate the output signal to a device.

A three-dimensional imaging radar operating at high frequency e.g., 670 GHz radar using low phase-noise synthesizers and a fast chirper to generate a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) waveform, is disclosed that operates with a multiplexed beam to obtain range information simultaneously on multiple pixels of a target. A source transmit beam may be divided by a hybrid coupler into multiple transmit beams multiplexed together and directed to be reflected off a target and return as a single receive beam which is demultiplexed and processed to reveal range information of separate pixels of the target associated with each transmit beam simultaneously. The multiple transmit beams may be developed with appropriate optics to be temporally and spatially differentiated before being directed to the target. Temporal differentiation corresponds to a different intermediate frequencies separating the range information of the multiple pixels. Collinear transmit beams having differentiated polarizations may also be implemented.

A distributed antenna system includes a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) base station configured to output at least a first signal and a second signal. At least one master unit communicates with the MIMO base station. At least one remote unit communicates with the master unit. At least one antenna is coupled with the remote unit for receiving signals from the remote unit. A hybrid coupler is coupled between the remote unit and antenna and is configured to receive the first signal Ch1 and the second signal Ch2 from the remote unit on respective first and second ports and to provide an output signal on at least one output port. The output signal includes at least a portion of the first signal and at least a portion of the second signal. The antenna is coupled with the output port.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for RFID devices, such as reader antennas, are described. A reader antenna includes a quadrature hybrid coupler, a termination element, and an antenna, such as a patch antenna. The quadrature hybrid coupler has first, second, third, and fourth ports. The first port receives an input radio frequency RF signal. The second port outputs a first RF output signal. The third port outputs a second RF output signal. The second RF output signal is shifted in phase by 90 degrees relative to the first RF output signal. The fourth port is coupled to the termination element. The patch antenna has a first point coupled to the first RF output signal and a second point coupled to the second RF output signal. The patch antenna radiates a circularly polarized RF signal due to the received first and second RF output signals. The circularly polarized RF signal may be used to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the reader antenna is integrated into a ruggedized structure that provides environmental protection for the antenna, including providing shock absorption for impacts to the antenna.

A power amplifier using N-way Doherty structure with adaptive bias supply power tracking for extending the efficiency region over the high peak-to-average power ratio of the multiplexing modulated signals such as wideband code division multiple access and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is disclosed. In an embodiment, the present invention uses a dual-feed distributed structure to an N-way Doherty amplifier to improve the isolation between at least one main amplifier and at least one peaking amplifier and, and also to improve both gain and efficiency performance at high output back-off power. Hybrid couplers can be used at either or both of the input and output. In at least some implementations, circuit space is also conserved due to the integration of amplification, power splitting and combining.

A distributed antenna system (DAS) includes a multiple-input and multiple-output (“MIMO”) base station configured to output at least a first and second signal, and a hybrid coupler coupled thereto, the coupler configured to receive the first and second signal from the MIMO base station on respective first and second ports and provide an output signal on at least one output port, the output signal including at least a portion of the first signal and at least a portion of the second signal. The DAS further includes a master unit communicating with the coupler and configured to receive at least the output signal, and at least one remote unit communicating with the master unit and configured to communicate the output signal to a device.

A power amplifier using N-way Doherty structure for extending the efficiency region over the high peak-to-average power ratio of the multiplexing modulated signals such as wideband code division multiple access and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is disclosed. In an embodiment, the present invention uses a dual-feed distributed structure to an N-way Doherty amplifier to improve the isolation between at least one main amplifier and at least one peaking amplifier and, and also to improve both gain and efficiency performance at high output back-off power. Hybrid couplers can be used at either or both of the input and output. In at least some implementations, circuit space is also conserved due to the integration of amplification, power splitting and combining.

A power amplifier using N-way Doherty structure for extending the efficiency region over the high peak-to-average power ratio of the multiplexing modulated signals such as wideband code division multiple access and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is disclosed. In an embodiment, the present invention uses a dual-feed distributed structure to an N-way Doherty amplifier to improve the isolation between at least one main amplifier and at least one peaking amplifier and, and also to improve both gain and efficiency performance at high output back-off power. Hybrid couplers can be used at either or both of the input and output. In at least some implementations, circuit space is also conserved due to the integration of amplification, power splitting and combining.

A system for duplex transmission and reception utilizing circular polarization wherein a pair of linear polarized orthogonal antennas is coupled to a transmitter through a hybrid coupler and a receiver is coupled to the antennas via the same hybrid coupler by using the port isolated from the transmitter. The hybrid may be a quadrature hybrid coupler or may comprise a 180 degree hybrid combined with a 90 degree phase shift network. Embodiments are shown for receiving a first reflection (opposite handed sense) circular polarized wave and alternatively, for receiving a second reflection (same handed sense) (multi-path) circular polarized wave.

An electronically tuned, absorptive, low-loss notch filter with high RF power handling capability is obtained using a four-port quadrature hybrid coupler connected to a matched pair of band pass resonator devices and resistive terminations. The notch filter design uses series-only tuning elements for the band pass resonator devices to raise the RF power handling of the band pass resonators far above conventional techniques while also being tunable at high speeds. The notch filter architecture and method can be used for interference cancellation in a wide range of wireless technologies, such as cellular phone, wireless routers, hand-held radios, satellite communications, and any other environments where there are a number of wireless technologies in close signal proximity.

A test system and method characterize a balanced device under test (DUT) with a vector network analyzer (VNA) measurement system using a differential or balanced stimulus signal and further calibrate the VNA using conventional calibration standards. An effect of errors introduced by an uncalibrated portion of the measurement system, such as test fixturing and hybrid junction coupling, is de-embedded from measured S-parameters for the DUT. The method includes calibrating the VNA, characterizing the uncalibrated portion, measuring S-parameters for the DUT with the calibrated VNA, and de-embedding the uncalibrated portion characterization from the S-parameter measurements. The test system includes a multiport VNA measurement system that includes a hybrid coupler, an optional test fixture, and a computer program. A processor executes the computer program. Instructions of the computer program implement the method.

In some embodiments of the present invention, an antenna front end includes at least two diplexers. Each of the diplexers is defined with a channel within a single material block. Each channel is shaped to provide a diplexer which includes a coupler, a receive band filter and a transmit band filter, which are adjoined and matched to form a continuous waveguide channel. Some embodiments further include a transmit hybrid coupler and / or a receive hybrid coupler. The transmit hybrid coupler is formed as a channel within the material block and adjoined and matched to the two transmit band filters. The receive hybrid coupler is formed as a channel within the material block and adjoined and matched to the two receive band filters.

A radar antenna assembly includes a microstrip patch, a hybrid coupler, a phase shifter, and a power divider. The microstrip patch is configured to emit a radar signal. The radar signal is characterized by a transmitted polarization of the radar signal. The transmitted polarization is influenced by a first transmit signal received at a first port of the microstrip patch and a second transmit signal received at a second port of the microstrip patch. The hybrid coupler is configured to orthogonally combine a first input signal and a second input signal to output the first transmit signal and the second transmit signal. The phase shifter is operable to vary the phase of the second input signal relative to the first input signal. The power divider is configured to divide unequally a source signal so the amplitudes of the first input signal and the second input signal are substantially equal.

A multiplexer includes a filter channelizer having at least two output filters, each output filter being coupled with a respective hybrid coupler. The multiplexer channelizes an input radio frequency (RF) band of electromagnetic energy into a set of output ports. Each hybrid coupler includes an input port (port 1), two output ports and an isolated port (port 4). Each output filter is coupled to a first one of the two output ports of a respective hybrid coupler, a second one of the two output ports being connected to an open stub microstrip transmission line. The respective hybrid coupler is coupled in a daisy chain, by way of port 1 and port 4, with one or more of the input of the multiplexer, and at least one other hybrid coupler. Advantageously, each output channel may include no more than one filter and no more than one hybrid coupler.

Provided is an apparatus and method for simultaneously transmitting and receiving orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. An apparatus for transmitting OAM modes may include a mode multiplexing apparatus, and a matrix array antenna configured to output OAM modes for electromagnetic waves based on mode signals, wherein the mode multiplexing apparatus may include hybrid couplers configured to generate a plurality of output signals having different phases and different amplitudes by mixing and distributing a plurality of input signals, and phase shifters configured to generate the mode signals by shifting the phases of the output signals.

Methods and systems for processing signals via diplexers embedded in an integrated circuit package are disclosed and may include generating via a diplexer, one or more RF signals at different frequencies from one or more received RF signals. The diplexer may be integrated in a multi-layer package. The generated RF signals may be processed via an integrated circuit that may be electrically coupled to the multi-layer package. The diplexer may include hybrid couplers, which may include quarter wavelength transmission lines. The diplexer may be electrically coupled to one or more capacitors in the integrated circuit. The diplexer may be configured via switches in the integrated circuit and / or via MEMS switches in the multi-layer package. The diplexers may include lumped devices, which may include surface mount devices coupled to the multi-layer package or devices integrated in the integrated circuit. The integrated circuit may be flip-chip bonded to the multi-layer package.

In some embodiments of the present invention, an antenna front end includes at least two diplexers. Each of the diplexers is defined with a channel within a single material block. Each channel is shaped to provide a diplexer which includes a coupler, a receive band filter and a transmit band filter, which are adjoined and matched to form a continuous waveguide channel. Some embodiments further include a transmit hybrid coupler and / or a receive hybrid coupler. The transmit hybrid coupler is formed as a channel within the material block and adjoined and matched to the two transmit band filters. The receive hybrid coupler is formed as a channel within the material block and adjoined and matched to the two receive band filters.

A multilayer 180 degree hybrid coupler comprises a cascaded pair of quarter wavelength directional couplers, one of the connections between the directional couplers being made by direct connection and the other connection being made indirectly via a length of transmission line that introduces a 180 degree phase shift at the operating frequency of the hybrid coupler. Each directional coupler comprises a pair of broadside coupled conductive tracks on opposite sides of a dielectric layer and the length of transmission line comprises a further conductive track on at least one side of the dielectric layer. Both the direct connection and the connection via the length of transmission line extend through the dielectric layer at respective via holes so that the hybrid coupler has two input ports on one side of the dielectric layer and two output ports on the other side of the dielectric layer.

A variable differential phase shifter including an isolation element providing good isolation between output ports, good return loss and reduced reflections. In one embodiment a Wilkinson divider is incorporated in the wiper arm of a wiper type variable differential phase shifter. In another embodiment a linear phase shifter incorporates a Wilkinson divider. Multistage embodiments are also disclosed. The variable differential phase shifter may be used in combination with a hybrid coupler to provide an isolated variable power divider. The variable differential phase shifter may be utilized in a variety of feed networks and antenna arrays to vary beam tilt, beam azimuth and beam width. Antennas incorporating the phase shifter exhibit low variation of half power beam width with frequency and reduced side lobes.

A multi-port hybrid-based cancellation network may include a first and second hybrid coupler, and a first and second two-port network. The second hybrid coupler may be distinct from the first hybrid coupler. The first two-port network may include a first filter connected between the first and the second hybrid couplers. The second two-port network may include a second filter that is distinct from but essentially the same as the first filter connected between the first and the second hybrid couplers. Other circuitry components may be connected to one of the ports of multi-port hybrid-based cancellation network. These other circuitry components may have a configuration that increases or maximizes signal isolation between at least two of the ports of the multi-port hybrid-based cancellation network.

A multilayer antenna structure configured to receive Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and augmentation signals. The antenna includes a microstrip patch radiation element disposed at a top layer and a ground plane forming a first interior layer, the ground plane including at least two coupling apertures, and the ground plane isolated from said radiation element by a low loss dielectric. The antenna structure also includes a bottom layer, the bottom layer is isolated from the ground plane by another dielectric; at least two feed lines operably connected to a hybrid coupler disposed on the bottom layer; and an active circuit on the bottom layer, a first port of said active circuit operably connected to the hybrid coupler.

A Radio Frequency (RF) filter configured by combining a hybrid coupler with a general filter, for having different characteristics from original characteristics of a general filter is provided, in which a coupler receives an input signal through a first port, divides the input signal, outputs the divided signals through second and third ports, combines signals received through the second and third ports according to phases of the signals, and outputs the combined signal through the first port or as an output signal of the RF filter through a fourth port, and a first filter unit has a first port connected to the second port of the coupler and a second port connected to the third port of the coupler, for having a predetermined frequency filtering characteristic.

An apparatus including a transform spectrometer with n×4 multi-mode interface optical hybrid couplers, wherein n=2 or 4, is herein provided. A transform spectrometer apparatus implemented on a planar waveguide circuit is also provided, including: an input optical signal waveguide for carrying an input optical signal; a plurality of input couplers connected to the input optical signal waveguide, each input coupler capable of sending an output signal; an array of interleaved waveguide Mach-Zehner interferometers (MZI), with each MZI coupled to a respective input coupler and each MZI having at least one MZI waveguide for receiving an output signal; and, a plurality of output coupler portions, each output coupler portion coupled to a respective MZI. Each output coupler portion includes one or more inputs along which the output is received from the MZI, and a plurality of outputs for outputting a plurality of signals.

A phased array antenna system with adjustable electrical tilt includes an array (62) of antenna elements 621, to 6210. It has a splitter (44) dividing a radio frequency (RF) carrier signal into two signals between which a phase shifter (46) introduces a variable phase shift. Further splitters (52) and (54) divide the relatively phase shifted signals into two sets of five signals. Four of each of the sets of five signals are vectorially combined in a network of 180 degree hybrid couplers 601, to 604. This provides vector sum and difference components which together with the fifth members of the sets are fed to respective fixed phase shifters (56, 58) and 641, to 6410. The phase shifters 641, to 6410 provide signals which are appropriately phased for use as phased array drive signals for respective antenna elements 621, to 6210. Adjustment of the single phase shift provided by the variable phase shifter (46) changes the angle of electrical tilt of the entire antenna array (62).

A vector modulator is disclosed which includes a first amplitude invariant phase shifter for shifting a phase of a received signal at fixed intervals within a preset first shifting range and a quadrature hybrid coupler for separating an output of the first amplitude invariant phase shifter into at least two different channel signals having a 90° phase difference to each other. A second amplitude invariant phase shifter shifts a phase of a first channel signal among outputs of the quadrature hybrid coupler by a fixed amplitude within a prescribed second shifting range and a third amplitude invariant phase shifter shifts a phase of a second channel signal among outputs of the quadrature hybrid coupler by a fixed amplitude within a prescribed third shifting range. A combiner receives signals for the second and third invariant phase shifters and calculates a vector sum, allowing for a vector of a modulated signal on all regions of a polar coordinate system by expanding a range of variation of a received RF signal.

A signal mutiplexer that combines the NTSC and DTV signals of adjacent television channels into a composite signal for transmission on a common transmission line or wave guide. Separate hybrid couplers and band pass filters produce quadrature phase signals that are combined in a signal combiner to produce a pair of quadrature phase multiplexed signals. A notch filter reflects the aural component of the NTSC signal. An output hybrid coupler combines the pair of multiplexed quadrature phase signals with the reflected aural component to produce the composite signal.

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for RFID devices, such as reader antennas, are described. A reader antenna includes a quadrature hybrid coupler, a termination element, and an antenna, such as a patch antenna. The quadrature hybrid coupler has first, second, third, and fourth ports. The first port receives an input radio frequency RF signal. The second port outputs a first RF output signal. The third port outputs a second RF output signal. The second RF output signal is shifted in phase by 90 degrees relative to the first RF output signal. The fourth port is coupled to the termination element. The patch antenna has a first point coupled to the first RF output signal and a second point coupled to the second RF output signal. The patch antenna radiates a circularly polarized RF signal due to the received first and second RF output signals. The circularly polarized RF signal may be used to interrogate tags. Furthermore, the reader antenna is integrated into a ruggedized structure that provides environmental protection for the antenna, including providing shock absorption for impacts to the antenna.

A diplexing apparatus and method which utilizes composite right / left-handed (CRLH) phase-advance / delay lines combined with a coupler. By engineering CRLH-based transmission lines with desired phase responses at two arbitrary frequencies of interest, the connected CRLH delay line and / or CRLH coupler are excited in a manner such that signals at designated frequencies are separated to the corresponding output ports of the hybrid coupler. Benefits of the apparatus include elimination of design complexities such as optimization of the interconnection junctions and the harmonic spurious suppression involved in conventional filter-based diplexers. In addition, channel isolation is beneficially achieved from the isolation property of directional couplers. Measured insertion loss on the implementations was found to be less than 1 dB, with isolation greater than 20 dB in the dual bands. A high level of agreement was observed between simulated and measured results.