The invention relates to a fluorescent quantitative PCR detection kit and a detection method of various viruses of donor corneas. The kit comprises an RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) extraction reagent, an RNA reverse transcription and amplification reagent and positive working standards, wherein the RNA reverse transcription (RT) and amplification reagent comprises a 2X RT-PCR premix reagent, polymerases, reverse transcriptases, forward and reverse HCV (hepatitis C virus) primers, an HIV1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) primer, an RV (rubella virus) primer, HCV, HIV1 and RV fluorescent probes and HCV, HIV1 and RV negative and positive control; the positive working standards are pUC57-HCV plasmids containing destination sequences amplified by the HCV forward and positive primers and pUC57-HIV1 plasmids containing destination sequences amplified by the HIV1 forward and positive primers respectively. The invention realizes the complete closed-tube detection on donor conjunctiva tissue specimensand does not need PCR aftertreatment, and thereby, cross contamination is avoided; meanwhile, real-time detection is adopted and an obtained Ct value and the original template number are completely in linear correlation; the quantitative accuracy rate is extremely high, and the relative error is about 50 percent, and thereby, the invention is enough to adapt to the demands of clinical nucleic acid quantification.