The invention relates to a monitoring device and method for laser wet cleaning carbon fiber resin-based composite materials, including a mobile platform, a reaction chamber is fixed on the mobile platform, a carbon fiber resin-based composite material is fixed in the reaction chamber, and the carbon fiber resin A laser cleaning system is arranged above the matrix composite material, and a water inlet and a water outlet are provided on the reaction chamber, the water inlet is connected to a water inlet pipe, the water outlet is connected to a water delivery pipe, and a nozzle is installed on the water inlet, The nozzle is facing the surface to be cleaned of the carbon fiber resin-based composite material, and a water quality sensor is arranged in the reaction chamber, and the water quality sensor is connected to a water quality detector. The invention uses a multi-purpose replaceable lens to reasonably focus and arrange the laser, effectively meeting the coexistence of large-area cleaning and local precision cleaning in the cleaning of aviation materials, and is also suitable for cleaning high-value aviation precision materials while ensuring efficiency.