The invention provides a construction method and application of a large-scale reservoir sounding reference field. The location of the reference field: in order to meet the calibration technical requirements of various sounding equipment, it is necessary to lay out various forms of reference points and reference surfaces; reference point construction; reference surface construction. Based on the sounding reference point, it is possible to conduct research on sounding error, positioning error, and water level correction error, including the nominal accuracy of the sounding instrument, sounding method, actual depth of sounding, and the influence of dynamic draft; positioning accuracy, GNSS data update rate, and differential method Influence, etc.; water level reckoning model, etc. Based on the sounding datum, it is possible to conduct research on the sounding environment error and GNSS three-dimensional channel sounding accuracy, including wave effects, positioning center deviation effects, single-beam sounding attitude effects, sounding delay effects, ship speed effects, beam angle effects, Coupling effect, water body characteristics, bathymetry sampling frequency and smoothing method, sound ray tracking, and multi-beam bathymetry system bathymetry point cloud precision analysis and other impact studies.