The invention discloses a straw picking and bundling machine. The straw picking and bundling machine comprises a traction frame, a pickup device, a feeding bin, a discharging bin, a compression chamber and a compression assembly located in the compression chamber, wherein the pickup device comprises a pickup bin, a rotary knife assembly, a hammer claw assembly, an auger assembly and a fan; the rotary knife assembly comprises a rotating shaft and a rotary knife which extend in the length direction of an opening of the pickup bin, and the rotary knife is in a long sheet shape; the fan communicates with the pickup bin; one end of the feeding bin is connected with the fan, the other end of the feeding bin faces the discharging bin, and the compression chamber communicates with the dischargingbin; the compression assembly comprises three pressing plates connected with the compression chamber in a sliding mode and three compression powers connected with the pressing plates in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the compression directions of the three pressing plates are perpendicular in pairs, a feeding port of the compression chamber is located in the compression stroke of the first horizontal compression direction, and a discharging port of the compression chamber is located on the downstream of the second horizontal compression direction. Straw can be cut and picked up, meanwhile,picking-up of bricks, stones, tiles and the like is reduced, and picking-up, cutting and smashing, sundry removing and bundling are integrated.