The invention relates to a rapid identification method for carbapenem drug susceptibility, based on a Raman spectra technology. According to the method, a portable Raman detector is adopted, pathogenic bacteria to be detected is irradiated through laser, different types of nanostructures are taken as detection substrates, and scattered spectrum, the frequency of which is different from the frequency of incident light, is analyzed, so that information, such as molecular vibration, of a sample to be detected is obtained, corresponding molecular structure analysis is performed, obtained spectroscopic data of carbapenem drug sensitive bacteria and drug-resistance bacteria is analyzed through a chemometrics method, so that drug-resistance bacteria and sensitive bacteria are distinguished, and the method becomes an ultrasensitive pathogenic bacteria rapid detection tool. Compared with the clinically traditional drug sensitivity pathogenic microorganism detection method, the detection technology has the advantages that the quantity of samples is less, the detection time is short, the sensitivity is high, the detection time of clinical samples is shortened, and particularly as for detection samples with complex chemical and biochemical components, the detection efficiency is improved on the basis that the detection quality is guaranteed.