The invention provides an air cooling heat dissipation thermoelectric cooler (TEC) electric refrigeration charge coupled device (CCD) Dewar which comprises a vacuum Dewar (1), a CCD detector (3), a TEC, an air cooling heat dissipation system (7) and a molecular sieve (5), wherein the CCD detector (3), the TEC and the molecular sieve (5) are arranged inside the vacuum Dewar (1), a cold end of the TEC is in heat conductance with the CCD detector (3), a hot end of the TEC is in heat conductance with the air cooling heat dissipation system (7), and the air cooling heat dissipation system (7) is connected with a vacuum Dewar cavity body (1) in a sealed mode. Due to the fact that the TEC and the molecular sieve are used for maintaining the technologies such as vacuum and air cooling heat dissipation in a long term to ensure low temperature requirements of a CCD in operation of the system, the air cooling heat dissipation TEC electric refrigeration CCD Dewar has the advantages of being large in a heat sink heat dissipation surface area, fast in temperature cooling speed, low in absolute refrigeration temperature, long in vacuum maintaining time, small in size, less in quality, convenient to install and control, capable of observing at any angle, simple in operation and maintenance and capable of being directly used for imaging and photometry of a astronomical telescope CCD lens.