The invention relates to an intelligent vehicle-bone type running state monitoring and early warning device used for rail transporting vehicles. The device comprises at least a group of sensing component units used for obtaining the vehicle operation state, including the operation state of wheels on rails, the state of the deformation of a vehicle chassis component and a railway and abnormal road conditions or the state of vehicle-bone devices; an intelligent sensing information processing unit based on a micro processor and used for processing the sensing signals of the vehicle state, including signal processing, data-collecting processing, image edge detection and extraction, image tracking, the processing and the intelligent analyzing of mechanical vibration / noise information, data identification and extraction, the learning of vehicle states and relevant background information, the forming of monitoring and early warning results and information recording and storing; input / output units used for the output, the operation, the control and the data communication of the monitoring and early warning results; and a power supply unit. The intelligent vehicle-bone type running state monitoring and early warning device has the advantages of multiple functions, high intelligentization and informatization level, high cost performance, high creditability and convenient installation, etc., is easy to be expanded, and can be applied under all weather conditions.