The invention discloses a convolution acceleration unit designing method based on a chemical reaction network. The method herein includes the following steps: designing N-parallel fast convolution units, also recording function modules which are used; inputting xi and hi in the form of reactant concentration sequence, designing a corresponding reactant; observing the values of logical circuit branches at different moments and corresponding reactants or products; tracking the value of a variant of respective branch; in case of a negative value of a branch, combining modules around the branch, guaranteeing the combination outputs a positive value, transplanting the combination entirely to the chemical reaction network; after tracking the entire circuit, combining all the related chemical reaction, and completing the convolution acceleration unit based on the chemical reaction network. According to the invention, the method herein simplifies and reconstructs a convolution kernel to a fast convolution unit and re-maps the fast convolution unit to the chemical reaction network, realizes high level of concurrent operation and user friendliness, and provides basis for future applications.