The invention provides an object cognitive evaluation method, a device, equipment and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring a target electroencephalogram signal of a target object; secondly, segmenting the target electroencephalogram signal according to specified lengths to obtain a target signal segment set consisting of target signal segments with the specified lengths; thirdly, determining frequency domain characteristics corresponding to the target signal segments in the target signal segment set; and finally, evaluating a cognitive condition of the target object according to the frequency domain characteristics corresponding to the target signal segments in the target signal segment set. According to the cognitive evaluation method ofthe object, a cognitive condition of the target object can be automatically evaluated by using the electroencephalogram signal; an evaluation basis is the electroencephalogram signal which can reflectan activity state of a human brain, so that an evaluation result is not influenced by an education degree of the target object; and in addition, the evaluation method provided by the invention is high in efficiency and low in cost, is convenient and fast, and has strong universality.