The invention discloses an educational cognitive system based on an electroencephalography device. The system includes an electroencephalography monitoring device, a hand-held operation terminal, a cloud server, a teacher computer terminal, a projection terminal, a detection center computer and a communication module. The electroencephalography monitoring device is connected with the cloud serverthrough the hand-held operation terminal, the electroencephalography monitoring device is connected with the detection center computer through the communication module, the cloud server is connected with the projection terminal through the teacher computer terminal, the communication module includes a wireless network module, a Bluetooth module and a 4G mobile data module, the electroencephalography monitoring device includes a medical electroencephalography detector and a domestic electroencephalography detector, and the electroencephalography monitoring device includes a master control module, a central processor, a data analysis module, a data acquisition terminal and an input module. According to the educational cognitive system based on the electroencephalography device, the design isreasonable, the system is convenient to use, the teaching effect is easily improved, and the enthusiasm of students is effectively aroused.