The invention discloses a variable-frequency electrically-driven top drive type core drill used for geological coring exploration. The drill comprises a platform and a vertical derrick arranged on the platform, wherein an electrically-driven winch and a salvage winch are arranged on the platform and are used for reeling and unreeling a rope, an electrically-driven turn plate is further arranged on the platform and located at the lower end of the derrick, a guide rail parallel to the derrick is arranged on the derrick and is connected with a top driver through a bracket pulley, the top driver is directly connected with a drill rod through a connecting shaft by means of a variable-frequency motor, a motor of the top driver, a motor of the electrically-driven winch, a motor of the salvage winch and a motor of the electrically-driven turn plate are driven by a frequency converter in an electric control room, the frequency converter controls the motors to work in the electric control room, the drill is further provided with an engineer room used for monitoring the work of the drill, and a rope tension and rope speed detection device is further arranged at the top end of the derrick. According to the variable-frequency electrically-driven top drive type core drill used for geological coring exploration, the drill is driven by an alternating-current variable-frequency motor to achieve rotating, rising, feeding, salvaging and the like, the long-stroke guide rail is provided, the rope speed and tension detection function is achieved, and high efficiency and low energy consumption drilling operation is achieved under the control of the frequency converter.