The invention discloses a 3D printing method for customizing the appearance of a three-dimensional model. The method includes the following steps that S1, the three-dimensional model is imported; S2,a mask chartlet is modified in real time; S3, a scene is rendered in real time; and S4, 3D real-time printing is carried out. S3 includes the procedures that S3.1, a tinter is compiled or called; S3.2, the tinter attribute of the three-dimensional model in S1 is modified into the tinter in S3.1, and the mask chartlet attribute of the tinter in S3.1 is modified into the mask chartlet modified in S2; S3.3, all channels are mixed in real time through the tinter in S3.1 according to the mask chartlet in S2, and the effect of describing different patterns for the model in real time is achieved; andS3.4, the dynamic customized appearance of the three-dimensional model in S1 is generated. Thus, the appearance of the three-dimensional model is individually customized easily and quickly. The invention further discloses a 3D printing system for the customizing the appearance of the three-dimensional model.