The invention provides a random frequency hopping microwave associated imaging waveform design method. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps: 1, dividing a grid, performing uniform grid division on an imaging plane, initializing iterative parameters, and generating an initial frequency hopping code matrix; 2, deducing a radiation field, calculating an iterative random frequency hopping signal each time and a reference signal corresponding to the grid center, and forming a reference signal matrix; 3, solving a condition number of the reference matrix; 4, updating a frequency hopping code matrix; and 5, ending the technical scheme if convergence is realized, otherwise returning to the second step for iterating. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the randomness of the radiation field can be continuously improved, and the aim of improving the imaging performance is finally achieved.