The invention discloses an NLP-based electronic medical record data quality management method. Electronic medical record operation and quality management operation are integrated in an intelligent mode, the quality requirements of the electronic medical record are converted to quality management knowledge, in match with electronic medical record ontology knowledge, a method of interaction operation of manual audit and intelligent audit is adopted, and quality check is carried out. The method particularly comprises the following steps of (1) preparation, (2) quality problem recognition, (3) quality problem evaluation, (4) quality problem monitoring and (5) quality report generation. Automatic and intelligent electronic medical record quality control is realized by introducing technologies such as an ontology and an NLP, the shortcomings of the existing manual quality audit are overcome, quality check is carried out on the electronic medical record in match with the ontology knowledge, the electronic medical record quality problem is thus found out, the efficiency is improved, and the generated result is more professional, accurate, objective, fair and just.