The invention relates to a time domain overlap transformation multi-description coding and multi-description decoding method and system based on JND (Just Noticeable Difference). The multi-description coding method comprises the steps of obtaining image information, dividing the image information into two subsets: a first subset and a second subset, generating a first description and a second description at the same time, wherein the two descriptions comprise the first subset and the second subset at the same time; for the first description, on the basis of a multi-description method, predicting the second subset through adoption of the first subset, carrying out entropy coding according to the first subset and a prediction value of the second subset, and outputting a first multi-description code stream; and for the second description, on the basis of the multi-description method, predicting the first subset through adoption of the second subset, carrying out entropy coding according to the second subset and the prediction value of the first subset, and outputting a second multi-description code stream, wherein the multi-description method comprises the step of carrying out time domain-based overlap transformation, DCT, JND-based threshold filtering and quantization processing on the two subsets in sequence.