The present invention provides a reservoir real-time water storage scheduling method based on ensemble forecast, the utilization efficiency of various runoff data can be improved, and a scheduling result is optimized. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps of (1) determining a total time length from a facing period to the end of a water storage period in a current scheduling period, determining a forecast period length of the ensemble forecast, and dividing the whole scheduling period into a forecast period and a remaining period, (2) determining runoff input data in the forecast period and the remaining period, (3) establishing a reservoir optimal scheduling model, (4) obtaining a scheduling decision table of the current facing period, (5) consulting the scheduling decision table according to a current reservoir capacity and the inflow condition when an actual inflow situation happens, carrying out interpolation calculation, and obtaining the reservoir capacity at the end of the period, and (6) repeating the steps (1) to (5) day by day for a whole water storage period, updating forecast information, obtaining a scheduling decision table of each day, guiding the real-time scheduling of each day, and then completing the scheduling of the whole water storage period.