The invention discloses a distributed propelling tail-mounted vertical take-off and landing fixed wing aircraft which comprises a fuselage, wings, a vertical tail wing, a landing gear, an elevon, a rudder, an internal combustion engine propulsion system, an electric propulsion system, a fuel oil tank, a battery pack and a flight controller. According to needs of cruising power, an internal combustion engine is selected, insufficient thrust and power during vertical take-off and landing are provided by the electric propulsion system, by the propulsion system collocation, the problem of great power differences of vertical take-off and landing and cruising of a vertical take-off and landing aircraft can be solved, and the problem of insufficient control ability of a tail-mounted aircraft in the vertical takeoff and landing process can be solved by distributed propulsion of a plurality of propulsion systems. The distributed propelling tail-mounted vertical take-off and landing fixed wing aircraft has the advantages of high push / heavy ratio, high energy utilization rate and strong control ability and the like.