The invention discloses a camellia soilless culture substrate which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials of perlite, coco coir, peat, vermiculite, pine bark, biogas residue, bagasse powder, chicken manure and additive, wherein the additive is diluted pyroligneous. The camellia soilless culture substrate can provides microelements required in a camellia growth process, can keep fertilizer efficiency, has excellent breathability, has good water retention, is a particle material and not prone to hardening, effectively prevents microorganisms obstructing orchid growth from multiplying, has light character and is convenient to use; in addition, a PH value of the camellia soilless culture substrate is neutral and close to acidity, so that camellia growth is beneficiated; organic waste of the coco coir, the pine bark, the biogas residue, the bagasse powder, the chicken manure and the like is utilized as the main raw materials, so that environmental pollution is reduced, waste is turned into wealth, and a disadvantage is turned into an advantage; furthermore, a preparation method is simple and convenient to operate.