The invention relates to a novel hydraulic rotation mechanism of a segment erector. The novel hydraulic rotation mechanism comprises a filter, a plunger pump, a check valve, an electric-hydraulic proportional direction valve, an overflow valve, a first pressure reduction valve, a second pressure reduction valve, a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a shuttle valve, a balance valve, a three-position ball valve, a two-way overflow valve, an energy accumulator, two hydraulic motors, a brake and a rotary encoder. A balance control module of the hydraulic motors is composed of the balance valve and the two-way overflow valve, and two-way safety protection can be provided; the pressure compensation type electric-hydraulic proportional direction valve with loads is selected for use, and precision and stability of the splicing position are ensured; the hydraulic motors with mechanical braking are adopted, and reliability of rotation movement is ensured; and the hydraulic impact generated in the start, stop and reversing processes of the segment erector is eliminated, the device damage situation such as the situation that the novel hydraulic rotation mechanism gets stuck is effectively prevented in the movement process, and the operation efficiency is improved.