The invention discloses a mathematics teaching aid used for mathematical thinking training. The mathematics teaching aid comprises a teaching board, a mounting groove, a fixing groove and a placing groove are formed in one side of the front of the teaching board in the sequence from top to bottom, a data placing board is inserted inside the mounting groove, and a model shell is inserted inside thefixing groove. Through the matched arrangement of the teaching board, the mounting groove, the fixing groove, the model shell, the data placing board and a symbol board, students can make rubber dough products with different numbers and different shapes through the model shell according to the demands of teachers, the rubber dough products are loaded in the data placing plate, so that the equation is set up, thus the mathematical calculation capacity of children can be improved, the mastering of the children for knowledge can be deepened, the memorizing is deeper, meanwhile, before a result is obtained, the children need to learn to make samples by hands, so that the operational ability and graph distinguishing capacity of the children are inmoved, the learning interest of the children isincreased, then the children learn mathematics in happiness, and the knowledge memorizing is deeper.