The invention relates to a medicament storage box, in particular to a vaccine medicament storage box for the prevention and health care department. The vaccine medicament storage box for the prevention and health care department can realize long-term storage, facilitates storage and taking and is simple to operate. The vaccine medicament storage box for the prevention and health care department comprises a medicament containing box, a surrounding plate, a containing mechanism and an opening and closing mechanism, wherein the medicament containing box is arranged on the surrounding plate; the containing mechanism is arranged in the medicament containing box; and the opening and closing mechanism is arranged at the top of the medicament containing box. A containing frame is manually pulled to slide upwards, then a plurality of bottles of vaccine medicaments are placed in the containing frame, after people loosen the hand, due to gravity and reset of first reset springs, the containing frame slowly slides downwards, the vaccine medicaments are prevented from shaking, and the containing effect is achieved; and deformed rods move downwards through long rotating plates, and third reset springs are compressed, so that supporting plates are driven to move downwards, the whole medicament containing box can be supported, and the supporting effect is achieved.