The invention discloses an experimental water tank sediment bed surface leveling method and an experimental water tank sediment bed surface leveling device. The experimental water tank sediment bed surface leveling device at least comprises a glass water tank (6) filled with sediments and water, a laser (13) arranged at the outer side of one end of the glass water tank (6), a horizontal I-shaped blade (3) with adjustable height, arranged in the glass water tank (6) and a level gauge (4) connected with the horizontal I-shaped blade (3). According to the method, the horizontal I-shaped blade with adjustable height is used to level the sediment bed, and level laser is used for locating and calibrating the flatness of the sediment bed, and therefore, a flat sediment bed surface having high consistency can be acquired. According to the device and the method, the water level of the sediment bed can be precisely determined, and the error range of the flatness of the sediment bed can be controlled to be up to 1mm; and besides, the horizontal I-shaped blades having different widths can be produced according to different water tank widths, and thus have wide applicability to the experimental water tank.