The invention provides a machine room inspection method, which comprises the following steps of: A, inputting a plurality of inspection points, image shooting parameters, inspection contents and the inspection time into an inspection robot, and generating a network topological graph; b, carrying out calibration work; c, performing routing inspection when the routing inspection time is up, otherwise, entering the step I; d, shooting an indicator lamp group image at the inspection point; e, detecting the state of an indicator lamp; f, shooting an equipment image containing the to-be-detected air switch, and positioning the to-be-detected air switch; g, inputting the to-be-detected switch image into the yolo model to obtain the position and the state of each switch; h, judging whether the air switch state is abnormal or not and whether leak detection exists or not; and I, receiving alarm information of the network management system, controlling the inspection robot to arrive at the fault position, and repeating the step D and the step E. The invention further provides a machine room inspection device. According to the invention, an accurate network topological graph can be generated, the detection with strong anti-interference performance, low false detection rate and high accuracy is achieved, and the inspection of the machine room is more comprehensive.