The invention discloses a ground mechanical characteristic and parameter test bench of a mountain caterpillar tractor. The test bench is composed of a mechanical system, a camera system, and a data acquisition and analysis system. The mechanical system consists of a hydraulic power console, a hydraulic cylinder, a soil tank and soil. The camera system includes an endoscope console and an industrial endoscope. The data acquisition and analysis system includes two dynamic signal test analyzers, a synchronous clock signal generator, a single-layer pressure sensor network, a multi-layer pressure sensor network and an upper computer. The ground mechanical characteristic and parameter test bench can be applied to the traction attachment testing of the mountain caterpillar tractor on the slope condition; and the real-time collection, real-time storage, real-time display, and real-time analysis of the mechanical performance index and related data of the tractor on the slope condition can be realized. Therefore, the test bench having high practicability has the great promotion and application value.